当我在OpenCV 2计算机视觉应用编程烹饪书的作者的网站上查找时，我发现了这个关于SVN的很棒的教程，我想我应该分享一下。

他有一个关于如何使用SVN的教程，以及短语“trunk”、“tag”和“branch”的含义。

直接引用自他的教程:

The current version of your software project, on which your team is currently working is usually located under a directory called trunk. As the project evolves, the developer updates that version fix bugs, add new features) and submit his changes under that directory. At any given point in time, you may want to freeze a version and capture a snapshot of the software as it is at this stage of the development. This generally corresponds to the official versions of your software, for example, the ones you will deliver to your clients. These snapshots are located under the tags directory of your project. Finally, it is often useful to create, at some point, a new line of development for your software. This happens, for example, when you wish to test an alternative implementation in which you have to modify your software but you do not want to submit these changes to the main project until you decide if you adopt the new solution. The main team can then continue to work on the project while other developer work on the prototype. You would put these new lines of development of the project under a directory called branches.

当我在OpenCV 2计算机视觉应用编程烹饪书的作者的网站上查找时，我发现了这个关于SVN的很棒的教程，我想我应该分享一下。

他有一个关于如何使用SVN的教程，以及短语“trunk”、“tag”和“branch”的含义。

直接引用自他的教程:

The current version of your software project, on which your team is currently working is usually located under a directory called trunk. As the project evolves, the developer updates that version fix bugs, add new features) and submit his changes under that directory. At any given point in time, you may want to freeze a version and capture a snapshot of the software as it is at this stage of the development. This generally corresponds to the official versions of your software, for example, the ones you will deliver to your clients. These snapshots are located under the tags directory of your project. Finally, it is often useful to create, at some point, a new line of development for your software. This happens, for example, when you wish to test an alternative implementation in which you have to modify your software but you do not want to submit these changes to the main project until you decide if you adopt the new solution. The main team can then continue to work on the project while other developer work on the prototype. You would put these new lines of development of the project under a directory called branches.

首先，正如@AndrewFinnell和@KenLiu指出的，在SVN中，目录名称本身没有任何意义——“主干、分支和标记”只是大多数存储库使用的一种常见约定。并不是所有的项目都使用所有的目录(根本不使用“标签”是很常见的)，事实上，没有什么可以阻止您调用任何您想要的名称，尽管打破常规经常会令人困惑。

我将描述分支和标记最常见的使用场景，并给出如何使用它们的示例场景。

Trunk: The main development area. This is where your next major release of the code lives, and generally has all the newest features. Branches: Every time you release a major version, it gets a branch created. This allows you to do bug fixes and make a new release without having to release the newest - possibly unfinished or untested - features. Tags: Every time you release a version (final release, release candidates (RC), and betas) you make a tag for it. This gives you a point-in-time copy of the code as it was at that state, allowing you to go back and reproduce any bugs if necessary in a past version, or re-release a past version exactly as it was. Branches and tags in SVN are lightweight - on the server, it does not make a full copy of the files, just a marker saying "these files were copied at this revision" that only takes up a few bytes. With this in mind, you should never be concerned about creating a tag for any released code. As I said earlier, tags are often omitted and instead, a changelog or other document clarifies the revision number when a release is made.

例如，假设你开始一个新项目。你开始在“主干”中工作，最终将以1.0版本发布。

Trunk / -开发版本，即将发布1.0 分支/ -空

一旦1.0.0完成，你将分支trunk到一个新的“1.0”分支，并创建一个“1.0.0”标记。现在，关于最终1.1版本的工作继续在主干中进行。

Trunk / -开发版本，即将发布1.1 分支/1.0 - 1.0.0发布版本 Tags /1.0.0 - 1.0.0发布版本

You come across some bugs in the code, and fix them in trunk, and then merge the fixes over to the 1.0 branch. You can also do the opposite, and fix the bugs in the 1.0 branch and then merge them back to trunk, but commonly projects stick with merging one-way only to lessen the chance of missing something. Sometimes a bug can only be fixed in 1.0 because it is obsolete in 1.1. It doesn't really matter: you only want to make sure that you don't release 1.1 with the same bugs that have been fixed in 1.0.

Trunk / -开发版本，即将发布1.1 分支/1.0——即将发布的1.0.1版本 Tags /1.0.0 - 1.0.0发布版本

一旦发现了足够多的错误(或者可能是一个严重的错误)，就决定发布1.0.1版本。因此，您从1.0分支创建了一个标记“1.0.1”，并发布了代码。此时，主干将包含1.1，而“1.0”分支包含1.0.1代码。下次你发布1.0版本的更新时，它将是1.0.2。

Trunk / -开发版本，即将发布1.1 分支/1.0——即将发布的1.0.2版 Tags /1.0.0 - 1.0.0发布版本 Tags /1.0.1 - 1.0.1发布版本

最终，你几乎准备好发布1.1，但你想先做一个测试版。在本例中，您可能会执行“1.1”分支和“1.1beta1”标记。现在，关于1.2(或者2.0)的工作在主干中继续进行，而1.1的工作则在“1.1”分支中继续进行。

Trunk / -开发版本，即将发布1.2 分支/1.0——即将发布的1.0.2版 分支/1.1——即将发布的1.1.0版本 Tags /1.0.0 - 1.0.0发布版本 Tags /1.0.1 - 1.0.1发布版本 Tags /1.1beta a1 - 1.1beta1发布版本

一旦发布了1.1 final版本，就可以从“1.1”分支执行“1.1”标记。

如果您愿意，还可以继续维护1.0，在所有三个分支(1.0、1.1和主干)之间移植错误修复。重要的一点是，对于您所维护的软件的每个主版本，都有一个包含该版本的最新代码版本的分支。

分支的另一个用途是用于特性。这是你分支主干(或你的发布分支之一)并独立开发新特性的地方。一旦特性完成，您将其合并并删除分支。

Trunk / -开发版本，即将发布1.2 分支/1.1——即将发布的1.1.0版本 分支/ui-rewrite -实验特性分支

The idea of this is when you're working on something disruptive (that would hold up or interfere with other people from doing their work), something experimental (that may not even make it in), or possibly just something that takes a long time (and you're afraid if it holding up a 1.2 release when you're ready to branch 1.2 from trunk), you can do it in isolation in branch. Generally you keep it up to date with trunk by merging changes into it all the time, which makes it easier to re-integrate (merge back to trunk) when you're finished.

还要注意，我在这里使用的版本控制方案只是众多方案之一。一些团队会将错误修复/维护版本作为1.1、1.2等，并将主要更改作为1。x, 2。x,等等。这里的用法是相同的，但是您可以将分支命名为“1”或“1”。而不是“1.0”或“1.0. X”。(除此之外，语义版本控制是如何进行版本号的一个很好的指南)。

我不太确定“标签”是什么，但分支是一个相当常见的源代码控制概念。

基本上，分支是在不影响主干的情况下对代码进行更改的一种方式。假设您想要添加一个相当复杂的新功能。您希望能够在进行更改时检入更改，但在完成该特性之前不希望它影响trunk。

首先创建一个分支。这基本上是创建分支时的主干副本。然后在分支中完成所有工作。在分支中所做的任何更改都不会影响trunk，因此trunk仍然可用，允许其他人继续在那里工作(比如做错误修复或小的增强)。一旦你的特性完成了，你就可以把分支集成回主干中。这将把所有的更改从分支移动到主干。

人们为分支使用了许多模式。如果您有一个同时支持多个主要版本的产品，通常每个版本都是一个分支。在我工作的地方，我们有一个QA分支和一个生产分支。在向QA发布代码之前，我们将变更集成到QA分支，然后从那里进行部署。当发布到产品时，我们从QA分支集成到生产分支，所以我们知道在生产中运行的代码与QA测试的代码是相同的。

这里是维基百科上关于分支的条目，因为它们可能比我能更好地解释事情。：）

中继目录可能是您最熟悉的目录，因为它用于保存最新的更改。你的主要代码库应该在trunk中。

分支目录用于保存分支，无论它们是什么。

标签目录主要用于标记一组特定的文件。您可以对发布版本这样做，其中您希望“1.0”是这些修订版本的这些文件，“1.1”是这些修订版本的这些文件。通常，标签制作完成后就不需要修改了。有关标签的更多信息，请参见第4章。分支和合并(在Subversion版本控制中)。

它们没有任何正式的含义。文件夹就是文件夹 SVN。它们是组织项目的一种普遍接受的方式。

The trunk is where you keep your main line of developmemt. The branch folder is where you might create, well, branches, which are hard to explain in a short post. A branch is a copy of a subset of your project that you work on separately from the trunk. Maybe it's for experiments that might not go anywhere, or maybe it's for the next release, which you will later merge back into the trunk when it becomes stable. And the tags folder is for creating tagged copies of your repository, usually at release checkpoints.

但正如我所说，对于SVN，文件夹就是文件夹。分支、主干和标签只是一种约定。

我随意使用“复制”这个词。SVN实际上并不完全复制存储库中的内容。