我有一个很长的疑问。我想用Python将它分成几行。在JavaScript中实现这一点的一种方法是使用几个句子并用+运算符将它们连接起来(我知道,也许这不是最有效的方法,但我并不真正关心这个阶段的性能,只是代码的可读性)。例子:
var long_string = 'some text not important. just garbage to' +
'illustrate my example';
我尝试在Python中做类似的事情,但没有成功,所以我使用了\来拆分长字符串。然而,我不确定这是否是唯一/最好/最蟒蛇的做法。看起来很尴尬。实际代码:
query = 'SELECT action.descr as "action", '\
'role.id as role_id,'\
'role.descr as role'\
'FROM '\
'public.role_action_def,'\
'public.role,'\
'public.record_def, '\
'public.action'\
'WHERE role.id = role_action_def.role_id AND'\
'record_def.id = role_action_def.def_id AND'\
'action.id = role_action_def.action_id AND'\
'role_action_def.account_id = ' + account_id + ' AND'\
'record_def.account_id=' + account_id + ' AND'\
'def_id=' + def_id
该方法使用:
使用三引号字符串几乎没有内部标点符号使用检查模块去除局部压痕account_id和def_id变量使用Python 3.6格式的字符串插值('f')。
这种方式在我看来是最有蟒蛇风格的。
import inspect
query = inspect.cleandoc(f'''
SELECT action.descr as "action",
role.id as role_id,
role.descr as role
FROM
public.role_action_def,
public.role,
public.record_def,
public.action
WHERE role.id = role_action_def.role_id AND
record_def.id = role_action_def.def_id AND
action.id = role_action_def.action_id AND
role_action_def.account_id = {account_id} AND
record_def.account_id={account_id} AND
def_id={def_id}'''
)
我个人认为,以下是用Python编写原始SQL查询的最佳(简单、安全和Python化)方法,尤其是在使用Python的sqlite3模块时:
query = '''
SELECT
action.descr as action,
role.id as role_id,
role.descr as role
FROM
public.role_action_def,
public.role,
public.record_def,
public.action
WHERE
role.id = role_action_def.role_id
AND record_def.id = role_action_def.def_id
AND action.id = role_action_def.action_id
AND role_action_def.account_id = ?
AND record_def.account_id = ?
AND def_id = ?
'''
vars = (account_id, account_id, def_id) # a tuple of query variables
cursor.execute(query, vars) # using Python's sqlite3 module
Pros
整洁而简单的代码(Pythonic!)避免SQL注入与Python 2和Python 3兼容(毕竟是Pythonic)不需要字符串串联无需确保每行最右边的字符是空格
Cons
由于查询中的变量被替换为?占位符,它可能会变得有点难以跟踪哪个?当查询中有很多Python变量时,将由哪个Python变量替换。
添加@Levon的答案。。。。
1.创建如下多行字符串:
paragraph = """this is a very
long string if I had the
energy to type more and more ..."""
print(paragraph)
输出:
'this is a very\n long string if I had the\n energy to type more and more ...'
此字符串将包含换行符和空格。因此,请移除它们。
2.使用正则表达式删除多余的空格
paragraph = re.sub('\s+', ' ', paragraph)
print(paragraph)
输出:
'this is a very long string if I had the energy to type more and more ...'
“la”Scala方式(但我认为这是OP要求的最具Python风格的方式):
description = """
| The intention of this module is to provide a method to
| pass meta information in markdown_ header files for
| using it in jinja_ templates.
|
| Also, to provide a method to use markdown files as jinja
| templates. Maybe you prefer to see the code than
| to install it.""".replace('\n | \n','\n').replace(' | ',' ')
如果您希望最后的str没有跳转行,只需将\n放在第二个替换的第一个参数的开头:
.replace('\n | ',' ')`.
注意:“…templates.”和“另外,…”之间的白线需要在|后面加一个空格。