这是一个很老的问题，但仍然相关，只是问题的性质在2023年有所不同。找到版本很容易，但首先我们必须启动正确的可执行文件。为此，我们基本上回到了注册表中。

reg query "HKLM\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\PowerShell\1" /v Install >nul 2>&1
if %ERRORLEVEL% EQU 0 (
  :: Default to PowerShell 5 if both are installed
  set PSEXE=powershell
) else (
  set PSEXE=pwsh
)
echo Using %PSEXE%
%PSEXE% -ExecutionPolicy bypass -command "& { ... ; exit $LASTEXITCODE }"

通过检查环境变量可以获得其他提示，但我认为测试注册表中的“Windows”PowerShell是最安全的。

只能通过从外部调用PowerShell（例如从命令提示符），使用一行代码直接检查版本

powershell -Command "$PSVersionTable.PSVersion"

根据@psaul的说法，您实际上可以有一个不知道来自何处的命令（CMD、PowerShell或Pwsh）。谢谢你。

powershell -command "(Get-Variable PSVersionTable -ValueOnly).PSVersion"

我已经测试过了，它在CMD和PowerShell上都运行得很完美。

忘记此页面并永远不返回它的最简单方法是学习Get Variable：

Get-Variable | where {$_.Name -Like '*version*'} | %{$_[0].Value}

没有必要记住每个变量。仅获取变量就足够了（而且“版本应该有一些东西”）。

我在7.1.0版上尝试过，结果成功了：

$PSVersionTable | Select-Object PSVersion

输出

PSVersion
---------
7.1.0

但它在5.1版上不起作用，所以在7版以下的版本上更适用：

$PSVersionTable.PSVersion

输出

Major  Minor  Build  Revision
-----  -----  -----  --------
5      1      18362  1171

EDIT

从PowerShell 7.2.5开始，您现在可以执行以下操作：

pwsh -v

Or

pwsh --version

输出

PowerShell 7.2.5

用选择运算符扩展答案：

Get-Host | select {$_.Version}

Use:

$psVersion = $PSVersionTable.PSVersion
If ($psVersion)
{
    #PowerShell Version Mapping
    $psVersionMappings = @()
    $psVersionMappings += New-Object PSObject -Property @{Name='5.1.14393.0';FriendlyName='Windows PowerShell 5.1 Preview';ApplicableOS='Windows 10 Anniversary Update'}
    $psVersionMappings += New-Object PSObject -Property @{Name='5.1.14300.1000';FriendlyName='Windows PowerShell 5.1 Preview';ApplicableOS='Windows Server 2016 Technical Preview 5'}
    $psVersionMappings += New-Object PSObject -Property @{Name='5.0.10586.494';FriendlyName='Windows PowerShell 5 RTM';ApplicableOS='Windows 10 1511 + KB3172985 1607'}
    $psVersionMappings += New-Object PSObject -Property @{Name='5.0.10586.122';FriendlyName='Windows PowerShell 5 RTM';ApplicableOS='Windows 10 1511 + KB3140743 1603'}
    $psVersionMappings += New-Object PSObject -Property @{Name='5.0.10586.117';FriendlyName='Windows PowerShell 5 RTM 1602';ApplicableOS='Windows Server 2012 R2, Windows Server 2012, Windows Server 2008 R2 SP1, Windows 8.1, and Windows 7 SP1'}
    $psVersionMappings += New-Object PSObject -Property @{Name='5.0.10586.63';FriendlyName='Windows PowerShell 5 RTM';ApplicableOS='Windows 10 1511 + KB3135173 1602'}
    $psVersionMappings += New-Object PSObject -Property @{Name='5.0.10586.51';FriendlyName='Windows PowerShell 5 RTM 1512';ApplicableOS='Windows Server 2012 R2, Windows Server 2012, Windows Server 2008 R2 SP1, Windows 8.1, and Windows 7 SP1'}
    $psVersionMappings += New-Object PSObject -Property @{Name='5.0.10514.6';FriendlyName='Windows PowerShell 5 Production Preview 1508';ApplicableOS='Windows Server 2012 R2'}
    $psVersionMappings += New-Object PSObject -Property @{Name='5.0.10018.0';FriendlyName='Windows PowerShell 5 Preview 1502';ApplicableOS='Windows Server 2012 R2'}
    $psVersionMappings += New-Object PSObject -Property @{Name='5.0.9883.0';FriendlyName='Windows PowerShell 5 Preview November 2014';ApplicableOS='Windows Server 2012 R2, Windows Server 2012, Windows 8.1'}
    $psVersionMappings += New-Object PSObject -Property @{Name='4.0';FriendlyName='Windows PowerShell 4 RTM';ApplicableOS='Windows Server 2012 R2, Windows Server 2012, Windows Server 2008 R2 SP1, Windows 8.1, and Windows 7 SP1'}
    $psVersionMappings += New-Object PSObject -Property @{Name='3.0';FriendlyName='Windows PowerShell 3 RTM';ApplicableOS='Windows Server 2012, Windows Server 2008 R2 SP1, Windows 8, and Windows 7 SP1'}
    $psVersionMappings += New-Object PSObject -Property @{Name='2.0';FriendlyName='Windows PowerShell 2 RTM';ApplicableOS='Windows Server 2008 R2 SP1 and Windows 7'}
    foreach ($psVersionMapping in $psVersionMappings)
    {
        If ($psVersion -ge $psVersionMapping.Name) {
            @{CurrentVersion=$psVersion;FriendlyName=$psVersionMapping.FriendlyName;ApplicableOS=$psVersionMapping.ApplicableOS}
            Break
        }
    }
}
Else{
    @{CurrentVersion='1.0';FriendlyName='Windows PowerShell 1 RTM';ApplicableOS='Windows Server 2008, Windows Server 2003, Windows Vista, Windows XP'}
}

您可以从How to determined installed PowerShell version下载详细脚本。