用选择运算符扩展答案：

Get-Host | select {$_.Version}

$host.version完全错误/不可靠。这将提供宿主可执行文件的版本（powershell.exe、powergui.exe、powershell_ise.exe、powershell plus.exe等），而不是引擎本身的版本。

引擎版本包含在$psversiontable.psversion中。对于PowerShell 1.0，此变量不存在，因此显然，如果此变量不可用，则假设引擎为1.0是完全安全的。

我发现检查是否安装的最简单方法是：

运行命令提示符（“开始”、“运行”、“命令”、“确定”）键入powershell，然后单击return。然后，您应该得到PowerShell PS提示：

C:\Users\MyUser>powershell

Windows PowerShell
Copyright (C) 2009 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.

PS C:\Users\MyUser>

然后，可以通过键入$PSVersionTable.PSVersion:

PS C:\Users\MyUser> $PSVersionTable.PSVersion

Major  Minor  Build  Revision
-----  -----  -----  --------
2      0      -1     -1

PS C:\Users\MyUser>

如果要返回到命令提示符，请键入exit（如果还要关闭命令提示符，则再次退出）。

要运行脚本，请参见http://ss64.com/ps/syntax-run.html.

这是一个很老的问题，但仍然相关，只是问题的性质在2023年有所不同。找到版本很容易，但首先我们必须启动正确的可执行文件。为此，我们基本上回到了注册表中。

reg query "HKLM\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\PowerShell\1" /v Install >nul 2>&1
if %ERRORLEVEL% EQU 0 (
  :: Default to PowerShell 5 if both are installed
  set PSEXE=powershell
) else (
  set PSEXE=pwsh
)
echo Using %PSEXE%
%PSEXE% -ExecutionPolicy bypass -command "& { ... ; exit $LASTEXITCODE }"

通过检查环境变量可以获得其他提示，但我认为测试注册表中的“Windows”PowerShell是最安全的。

Use:

$psVersion = $PSVersionTable.PSVersion
If ($psVersion)
{
    #PowerShell Version Mapping
    $psVersionMappings = @()
    $psVersionMappings += New-Object PSObject -Property @{Name='5.1.14393.0';FriendlyName='Windows PowerShell 5.1 Preview';ApplicableOS='Windows 10 Anniversary Update'}
    $psVersionMappings += New-Object PSObject -Property @{Name='5.1.14300.1000';FriendlyName='Windows PowerShell 5.1 Preview';ApplicableOS='Windows Server 2016 Technical Preview 5'}
    $psVersionMappings += New-Object PSObject -Property @{Name='5.0.10586.494';FriendlyName='Windows PowerShell 5 RTM';ApplicableOS='Windows 10 1511 + KB3172985 1607'}
    $psVersionMappings += New-Object PSObject -Property @{Name='5.0.10586.122';FriendlyName='Windows PowerShell 5 RTM';ApplicableOS='Windows 10 1511 + KB3140743 1603'}
    $psVersionMappings += New-Object PSObject -Property @{Name='5.0.10586.117';FriendlyName='Windows PowerShell 5 RTM 1602';ApplicableOS='Windows Server 2012 R2, Windows Server 2012, Windows Server 2008 R2 SP1, Windows 8.1, and Windows 7 SP1'}
    $psVersionMappings += New-Object PSObject -Property @{Name='5.0.10586.63';FriendlyName='Windows PowerShell 5 RTM';ApplicableOS='Windows 10 1511 + KB3135173 1602'}
    $psVersionMappings += New-Object PSObject -Property @{Name='5.0.10586.51';FriendlyName='Windows PowerShell 5 RTM 1512';ApplicableOS='Windows Server 2012 R2, Windows Server 2012, Windows Server 2008 R2 SP1, Windows 8.1, and Windows 7 SP1'}
    $psVersionMappings += New-Object PSObject -Property @{Name='5.0.10514.6';FriendlyName='Windows PowerShell 5 Production Preview 1508';ApplicableOS='Windows Server 2012 R2'}
    $psVersionMappings += New-Object PSObject -Property @{Name='5.0.10018.0';FriendlyName='Windows PowerShell 5 Preview 1502';ApplicableOS='Windows Server 2012 R2'}
    $psVersionMappings += New-Object PSObject -Property @{Name='5.0.9883.0';FriendlyName='Windows PowerShell 5 Preview November 2014';ApplicableOS='Windows Server 2012 R2, Windows Server 2012, Windows 8.1'}
    $psVersionMappings += New-Object PSObject -Property @{Name='4.0';FriendlyName='Windows PowerShell 4 RTM';ApplicableOS='Windows Server 2012 R2, Windows Server 2012, Windows Server 2008 R2 SP1, Windows 8.1, and Windows 7 SP1'}
    $psVersionMappings += New-Object PSObject -Property @{Name='3.0';FriendlyName='Windows PowerShell 3 RTM';ApplicableOS='Windows Server 2012, Windows Server 2008 R2 SP1, Windows 8, and Windows 7 SP1'}
    $psVersionMappings += New-Object PSObject -Property @{Name='2.0';FriendlyName='Windows PowerShell 2 RTM';ApplicableOS='Windows Server 2008 R2 SP1 and Windows 7'}
    foreach ($psVersionMapping in $psVersionMappings)
    {
        If ($psVersion -ge $psVersionMapping.Name) {
            @{CurrentVersion=$psVersion;FriendlyName=$psVersionMapping.FriendlyName;ApplicableOS=$psVersionMapping.ApplicableOS}
            Break
        }
    }
}
Else{
    @{CurrentVersion='1.0';FriendlyName='Windows PowerShell 1 RTM';ApplicableOS='Windows Server 2008, Windows Server 2003, Windows Vista, Windows XP'}
}

您可以从How to determined installed PowerShell version下载详细脚本。

由于最有用的答案没有提到“如果存在”部分，我想我应该通过一个快速而肮脏的解决方案来解决这个问题。它依赖于PowerShell位于路径环境变量中，这可能是您想要的。（由于我不知道，所以给顶部的答案打个小提示。）将其粘贴到文本文件中并命名

测试Powershell版本.cmd

或类似。

@echo off
echo Checking powershell version...
del "%temp%\PSVers.txt" 2>nul
powershell -command "[string]$PSVersionTable.PSVersion.Major +'.'+ [string]$PSVersionTable.PSVersion.Minor | Out-File ([string](cat env:\temp) + '\PSVers.txt')" 2>nul
if errorlevel 1 (
 echo Powershell is not installed. Please install it from download.Microsoft.com; thanks.
) else (
 echo You have installed Powershell version:
 type "%temp%\PSVers.txt"
 del "%temp%\PSVers.txt" 2>nul
)
timeout 15