要对任何类型的值使用Enum，请尝试以下方法: 更新了一些改进…谢谢@杰夫，谢谢你的小费!

from enum import Enum

class Color(Enum):
    RED = 1
    GREEN = 'GREEN'
    BLUE = ('blue', '#0000ff')

    @staticmethod
    def list():
        return list(map(lambda c: c.value, Color))

print(Color.list())

结果:

[1, 'GREEN', ('blue', '#0000ff')]

使用__members__类方法:

class RoleNames(str, Enum):
    AGENT = "agent"
    USER = "user"
    PRIMARY_USER = "primary_user"
    SUPER_USER = "super_user"
    
    @classmethod
    def list_roles(cls):
        role_names = [member.value for role, member in cls.__members__.items()]
        return role_names

>>> role_names = RoleNames.list_roles()
>>> print(role_names)

或者如果你有多个Enum类并且想要抽象类方法:

class BaseEnum(Enum):
    @classmethod
    def list_roles(cls):
        role_names = [member.value for role, member in cls.__members__.items()]
        return role_names


class RoleNames(str, BaseEnum):    
    AGENT = "agent"
    USER = "user"
    PRIMARY_USER = "primary_user"
    SUPER_USER = "super_user"
    

class PermissionNames(str, BaseEnum):
    READ = "updated_at"
    WRITE = "sort_by"
    READ_WRITE = "sort_order"

enum类。Enum是一个解决所有枚举需求的类，因此您只需要继承它，并添加自己的字段。然后从那时起，你所需要做的就是调用它的属性:name & value:

from enum import Enum

class Letter(Enum):
   A = 1
   B = 2
   C = 3

print({i.name: i.value for i in Letter})
# prints {'A': 1, 'B': 2, 'C': 3}

一种方法是获取_value2member_map_属性的键值:

class Color(Enum):
    RED = 1
    BLUE = 2

list(Color._value2member_map_.keys())
# [1, 2]

给定一个基于标准python3 enum /IntEnum类的枚举:

from enum import IntEnum

class LogLevel(IntEnum):
    DEBUG = 0
    INFO = 1
    WARNING = 2
    ERROR = 3

可以执行以下操作来获取枚举常量列表:

>>> print(list(LogLevel))
[<LogLevel.DEBUG: 0>, <LogLevel.INFO: 1>, <LogLevel.WARNING: 2>, <LogLevel.ERROR: 3>]

我发现使用枚举常量比使用int型更有表现力。如果枚举从IntEnum继承，则所有枚举常量也是int型，并且可以在任何地方使用:

>>> level = LogLevel.DEBUG

>>> level == 0
True

>>> level == 1
False

>>> level == LogLevel.INFO
False

>>> level == LogLevel.DEBUG
True

>>> "%d" % level
'0'

>>> "%s" % level
'LogLevel.DEBUG'

只使用:

[e.value for e in Color]

生产:

[1, 2]

要获得名称，请使用:

[e.name for e in Color]

生产:

(“红”、“蓝”)