要对任何类型的值使用Enum，请尝试以下方法: 更新了一些改进…谢谢@杰夫，谢谢你的小费!

from enum import Enum

class Color(Enum):
    RED = 1
    GREEN = 'GREEN'
    BLUE = ('blue', '#0000ff')

    @staticmethod
    def list():
        return list(map(lambda c: c.value, Color))

print(Color.list())

结果:

[1, 'GREEN', ('blue', '#0000ff')]

给定一个基于标准python3 enum /IntEnum类的枚举:

from enum import IntEnum

class LogLevel(IntEnum):
    DEBUG = 0
    INFO = 1
    WARNING = 2
    ERROR = 3

可以执行以下操作来获取枚举常量列表:

>>> print(list(LogLevel))
[<LogLevel.DEBUG: 0>, <LogLevel.INFO: 1>, <LogLevel.WARNING: 2>, <LogLevel.ERROR: 3>]

我发现使用枚举常量比使用int型更有表现力。如果枚举从IntEnum继承，则所有枚举常量也是int型，并且可以在任何地方使用:

>>> level = LogLevel.DEBUG

>>> level == 0
True

>>> level == 1
False

>>> level == LogLevel.INFO
False

>>> level == LogLevel.DEBUG
True

>>> "%d" % level
'0'

>>> "%s" % level
'LogLevel.DEBUG'

你可以使用IntEnum:

from enum import IntEnum

class Color(IntEnum):
   RED = 1
   BLUE = 2


print(int(Color.RED))   # prints 1

获取整型数组的列表:

enum_list = list(map(int, Color))
print(enum_list) # prints [1, 2]

你可以有一个这样的SuperEnum:

from enum import Enum

class SuperEnum(Enum):    
    @classmethod
    def to_dict(cls):
        """Returns a dictionary representation of the enum."""
        return {e.name: e.value for e in cls}
    
    @classmethod
    def keys(cls):
        """Returns a list of all the enum keys."""
        return cls._member_names_
    
    @classmethod
    def values(cls):
        """Returns a list of all the enum values."""
        return list(cls._value2member_map_.keys())

像这样使用它:

class Roles(SuperEnum):
    ADMIN = 1
    USER = 2
    GUEST = 3

所以你可以:

Roles.to_dict() # {'ADMIN': 1, 'USER': 2, 'GUEST': 3}
Roles.keys() # ['ADMIN', 'USER', 'GUEST']
Roles.values() # [1, 2, 3]

您可以执行以下操作:

[e.value for e in Color]

基于@Jeff的回答，重构为使用类方法，以便您可以对任何枚举重用相同的代码:

from enum import Enum

class ExtendedEnum(Enum):

    @classmethod
    def list(cls):
        return list(map(lambda c: c.value, cls))

class OperationType(ExtendedEnum):
    CREATE = 'CREATE'
    STATUS = 'STATUS'
    EXPAND = 'EXPAND'
    DELETE = 'DELETE'

print(OperationType.list())

生产:

['CREATE', 'STATUS', 'EXPAND', 'DELETE']