使用__members__类方法:

class RoleNames(str, Enum):
    AGENT = "agent"
    USER = "user"
    PRIMARY_USER = "primary_user"
    SUPER_USER = "super_user"
    
    @classmethod
    def list_roles(cls):
        role_names = [member.value for role, member in cls.__members__.items()]
        return role_names

>>> role_names = RoleNames.list_roles()
>>> print(role_names)

或者如果你有多个Enum类并且想要抽象类方法:

class BaseEnum(Enum):
    @classmethod
    def list_roles(cls):
        role_names = [member.value for role, member in cls.__members__.items()]
        return role_names


class RoleNames(str, BaseEnum):    
    AGENT = "agent"
    USER = "user"
    PRIMARY_USER = "primary_user"
    SUPER_USER = "super_user"
    

class PermissionNames(str, BaseEnum):
    READ = "updated_at"
    WRITE = "sort_by"
    READ_WRITE = "sort_order"

使用__members__类方法:

class RoleNames(str, Enum):
    AGENT = "agent"
    USER = "user"
    PRIMARY_USER = "primary_user"
    SUPER_USER = "super_user"
    
    @classmethod
    def list_roles(cls):
        role_names = [member.value for role, member in cls.__members__.items()]
        return role_names

>>> role_names = RoleNames.list_roles()
>>> print(role_names)

或者如果你有多个Enum类并且想要抽象类方法:

class BaseEnum(Enum):
    @classmethod
    def list_roles(cls):
        role_names = [member.value for role, member in cls.__members__.items()]
        return role_names


class RoleNames(str, BaseEnum):    
    AGENT = "agent"
    USER = "user"
    PRIMARY_USER = "primary_user"
    SUPER_USER = "super_user"
    

class PermissionNames(str, BaseEnum):
    READ = "updated_at"
    WRITE = "sort_by"
    READ_WRITE = "sort_order"

这里有一些例子，可以轻松地将Enum转换为int, str或Enum的列表/数组，并能够排序。

import numpy as np

class Color(int,Enum):
    YELLOW = 3
    RED = 1
    BLUE = 2
    
print('1):',list(Color))
print('2):',np.array(list(Color))) ## int64 (8 bytes)
print('3):',sorted(np.array(Color, dtype=str)))
print('4):',np.array(sorted(Color), dtype=object))
print('5):',np.array(sorted(Color), dtype=np.int8)) # 1 byte
print('6):',np.array(sorted(Color, key=lambda x: -x.value), dtype=np.int8))
print('7):',np.array(sorted(Color, key=lambda x: str(x)), dtype=np.int8))

class Color(tuple,Enum):
    YELLOW = (3,3)
    RED = (1,1)
    BLUE = (2,2)
    
print('8):',np.array(sorted(Color)))
print('9):',list(map(tuple,sorted(Color, key=lambda x: -x[1]))))

输出:

1): [<Color.YELLOW: 3>, <Color.RED: 1>, <Color.BLUE: 2>]
2): [3 1 2]
3): ['Color.BLUE', 'Color.RED', 'Color.YELLOW']
4): [<Color.RED: 1> <Color.BLUE: 2> <Color.YELLOW: 3>]
5): [1 2 3]
6): [3 2 1]
7): [2 1 3]
8): [[1 1]
 [2 2]
 [3 3]]
9): [(3, 3), (2, 2), (1, 1)]

基于@Jeff的回答，重构为使用类方法，以便您可以对任何枚举重用相同的代码:

from enum import Enum

class ExtendedEnum(Enum):

    @classmethod
    def list(cls):
        return list(map(lambda c: c.value, cls))

class OperationType(ExtendedEnum):
    CREATE = 'CREATE'
    STATUS = 'STATUS'
    EXPAND = 'EXPAND'
    DELETE = 'DELETE'

print(OperationType.list())

生产:

['CREATE', 'STATUS', 'EXPAND', 'DELETE']

你可以使用IntEnum:

from enum import IntEnum

class Color(IntEnum):
   RED = 1
   BLUE = 2


print(int(Color.RED))   # prints 1

获取整型数组的列表:

enum_list = list(map(int, Color))
print(enum_list) # prints [1, 2]

给定一个基于标准python3 enum /IntEnum类的枚举:

from enum import IntEnum

class LogLevel(IntEnum):
    DEBUG = 0
    INFO = 1
    WARNING = 2
    ERROR = 3

可以执行以下操作来获取枚举常量列表:

>>> print(list(LogLevel))
[<LogLevel.DEBUG: 0>, <LogLevel.INFO: 1>, <LogLevel.WARNING: 2>, <LogLevel.ERROR: 3>]

我发现使用枚举常量比使用int型更有表现力。如果枚举从IntEnum继承，则所有枚举常量也是int型，并且可以在任何地方使用:

>>> level = LogLevel.DEBUG

>>> level == 0
True

>>> level == 1
False

>>> level == LogLevel.INFO
False

>>> level == LogLevel.DEBUG
True

>>> "%d" % level
'0'

>>> "%s" % level
'LogLevel.DEBUG'