为了避免所有我可以在谷歌上搜索到的标准答案,我将提供一个你们都可以随意攻击的例子。
c#和Java(以及其他很多语言)有很多类型,有些“溢出”行为我一点也不喜欢(例如type。MaxValue +类型。SmallestValue ==类型。MinValue,例如int。MaxValue + 1 = int.MinValue)。
但是,鉴于我的邪恶本性,我将通过将此行为扩展为重写DateTime类型来对这种伤害进行侮辱。(我知道DateTime在. net中是密封的,但为了这个例子,我使用了一种与c#完全相似的伪语言,除了DateTime没有密封之外)。
被覆盖的Add方法:
/// <summary>
/// Increments this date with a timespan, but loops when
/// the maximum value for datetime is exceeded.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="ts">The timespan to (try to) add</param>
/// <returns>The Date, incremented with the given timespan.
/// If DateTime.MaxValue is exceeded, the sum wil 'overflow' and
/// continue from DateTime.MinValue.
/// </returns>
public DateTime override Add(TimeSpan ts)
{
try
{
return base.Add(ts);
}
catch (ArgumentOutOfRangeException nb)
{
// calculate how much the MaxValue is exceeded
// regular program flow
TimeSpan saldo = ts - (base.MaxValue - this);
return DateTime.MinValue.Add(saldo)
}
catch(Exception anyOther)
{
// 'real' exception handling.
}
}
当然,如果可以很容易地解决这个问题,但事实仍然是,我不明白为什么不能使用异常(从逻辑上讲,我可以看到,当性能是一个问题时,在某些情况下应该避免异常)。
我认为在许多情况下,它们比if结构更清晰,并且不会破坏方法所做的任何契约。
恕我直言,“永远不要在常规程序流程中使用它们”的反应似乎并不是每个人都有,因为这种反应的力量可以证明。
还是我说错了?
我读过其他的帖子,处理各种特殊情况,但我的观点是,如果你们都是:
清晰的
尊重你的方法
拍我。
正如其他人已经多次提到的,最小惊讶原则将禁止您仅为控制流的目的而过度使用异常。另一方面,没有任何规则是100%正确的,总有一些情况下,异常是“合适的工具”——就像goto本身,顺便说一下,它在Java等语言中以break和continue的形式发布,这通常是跳出大量嵌套循环的完美方式,而这种循环并不总是可以避免的。
下面的博文解释了一个相当复杂但也相当有趣的非本地ControlFlowException的用例:
http://blog.jooq.org/2013/04/28/rare-uses-of-a-controlflowexception
它解释了在jOOQ (Java的SQL抽象库)内部,当满足某些“罕见”条件时,如何偶尔使用这种异常来提前中止SQL呈现过程。
这种条件的例子有:
Too many bind values are encountered. Some databases do not support arbitrary numbers of bind values in their SQL statements (SQLite: 999, Ingres 10.1.0: 1024, Sybase ASE 15.5: 2000, SQL Server 2008: 2100). In those cases, jOOQ aborts the SQL rendering phase and re-renders the SQL statement with inlined bind values. Example:
// Pseudo-code attaching a "handler" that will
// abort query rendering once the maximum number
// of bind values was exceeded:
context.attachBindValueCounter();
String sql;
try {
// In most cases, this will succeed:
sql = query.render();
}
catch (ReRenderWithInlinedVariables e) {
sql = query.renderWithInlinedBindValues();
}
If we explicitly extracted the bind values from the query AST to count them every time, we'd waste valuable CPU cycles for those 99.9% of the queries that don't suffer from this problem.
Some logic is available only indirectly via an API that we want to execute only "partially". The UpdatableRecord.store() method generates an INSERT or UPDATE statement, depending on the Record's internal flags. From the "outside", we don't know what kind of logic is contained in store() (e.g. optimistic locking, event listener handling, etc.) so we don't want to repeat that logic when we store several records in a batch statement, where we'd like to have store() only generate the SQL statement, not actually execute it. Example:
// Pseudo-code attaching a "handler" that will
// prevent query execution and throw exceptions
// instead:
context.attachQueryCollector();
// Collect the SQL for every store operation
for (int i = 0; i < records.length; i++) {
try {
records[i].store();
}
// The attached handler will result in this
// exception being thrown rather than actually
// storing records to the database
catch (QueryCollectorException e) {
// The exception is thrown after the rendered
// SQL statement is available
queries.add(e.query());
}
}
If we had externalised the store() logic into "re-usable" API that can be customised to optionally not execute the SQL, we'd be looking into creating a rather hard to maintain, hardly re-usable API.
结论
从本质上讲,我们对这些非本地goto的使用就像[Mason Wheeler][5]在他的回答中所说的那样:
“我刚刚遇到了一种情况,此时我无法正确处理它,因为我没有足够的上下文来处理它,但调用我的例程(或调用堆栈的更上层)应该知道如何处理它。”
controlflowexception的两种用法与它们的替代方法相比都很容易实现,允许我们重用广泛的逻辑,而无需从相关的内部重构它。
但是对于未来的维护者来说,这种感觉还是有点令人惊讶。代码感觉相当微妙,虽然在这种情况下这是正确的选择,但我们总是不喜欢在本地控制流中使用异常,因为在本地控制流中很容易避免使用普通的if - else分支。