我想运行一个线程一段固定的时间。如果在该时间内没有完成,我想要终止它,抛出一些异常,或者以某种方式处理它。怎样才能做到呢?

我从这篇文章中找到了一种方法 是在线程的run()方法中使用一个TimerTask。

有没有更好的解决方案?

  编辑:添加赏金,因为我需要一个更明确的答案。下面给出的ExecutorService代码没有解决我的问题。为什么我应该在执行(一些代码-我没有处理这段代码)后睡觉()?如果代码完成并且sleep()被中断,那怎么可能是timeOut呢?

The task that needs to be executed is not in my control. It can be any piece of code. The problem is this piece of code might run into an infinite loop. I don't want that to happen. So, I just want to run that task in a separate thread. The parent thread has to wait till that thread finishes and needs to know the status of the task (i.e whether it timed out or some exception occured or if its a success). If the task goes into an infinite loop, my parent thread keeps on waiting indefinitely, which is not an ideal situation.


当前回答

现在,我遇到了这样的问题。它恰好解码图片。解码过程耗时太长,导致屏幕黑屏。l添加一个时间控制器:当时间太长时,从当前线程中弹出。 差异如下:

   ExecutorService executor = Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor();
   Future<Bitmap> future = executor.submit(new Callable<Bitmap>() {
       @Override
       public Bitmap call() throws Exception {
       Bitmap bitmap = decodeAndScaleBitmapFromStream(context, inputUri);// do some time consuming operation
       return null;
            }
       });
       try {
           Bitmap result = future.get(1, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
       } catch (TimeoutException e){
           future.cancel(true);
       }
       executor.shutdown();
       return (bitmap!= null);

其他回答

BalusC说:

更新:为了澄清一个概念上的误解,sleep()不是必需的。它仅用于SSCCE/演示目的。只需要在sleep()的位置上执行长时间运行的任务。

但是如果你替换Thread.sleep(4000);用for (int I = 0;i < 5E8;i++){}则不会编译,因为空循环不会抛出InterruptedException。

为了使线程是可中断的,它需要抛出InterruptedException。

这对我来说是个严重的问题。我不知道如何调整这个答案来处理一般的长时间运行的任务。

编辑补充:我问了一个新问题:[在固定时间后中断一个线程,它必须抛出InterruptedException吗?]]

我认为你应该看看适当的并发处理机制(线程运行到无限循环本身听起来不太好,顺便说一句)。确保你阅读了一些关于“杀死”或“停止”线程主题的内容。

你所描述的,听起来很像一个“会合”,所以你可能想看看CyclicBarrier。

可能有其他结构(例如使用CountDownLatch)可以解决您的问题(一个线程等待闩锁超时,另一个线程应该在完成工作后倒数闩锁,这将在超时后或闩锁倒计时被调用时释放您的第一个线程)。

我通常推荐这方面的两本书:《Java并发编程》和《Java并发实践》。

不久前,我为此创建了一个helper类。伟大的工作:

import java.util.concurrent.BrokenBarrierException;
import java.util.concurrent.CyclicBarrier;
/**
 * TimeOut class - used for stopping a thread that is taking too long
 * @author Peter Goransson
 *
 */
public class TimeOut {

    Thread interrupter;
    Thread target;
    long timeout;
    boolean success;
    boolean forceStop;

    CyclicBarrier barrier;

    /**
     * 
     * @param target The Runnable target to be executed
     * @param timeout The time in milliseconds before target will be interrupted or stopped
     * @param forceStop If true, will Thread.stop() this target instead of just interrupt() 
     */
    public TimeOut(Runnable target, long timeout, boolean forceStop) {      
        this.timeout = timeout;
        this.forceStop = forceStop;

        this.target = new Thread(target);       
        this.interrupter = new Thread(new Interrupter());

        barrier = new CyclicBarrier(2); // There will always be just 2 threads waiting on this barrier
    }

    public boolean execute() throws InterruptedException {  

        // Start target and interrupter
        target.start();
        interrupter.start();

        // Wait for target to finish or be interrupted by interrupter
        target.join();  

        interrupter.interrupt(); // stop the interrupter    
        try {
            barrier.await(); // Need to wait on this barrier to make sure status is set
        } catch (BrokenBarrierException e) {
            // Something horrible happened, assume we failed
            success = false;
        } 

        return success; // status is set in the Interrupter inner class
    }

    private class Interrupter implements Runnable {

        Interrupter() {}

        public void run() {
            try {
                Thread.sleep(timeout); // Wait for timeout period and then kill this target
                if (forceStop) {
                  target.stop(); // Need to use stop instead of interrupt since we're trying to kill this thread
                }
                else {
                    target.interrupt(); // Gracefully interrupt the waiting thread
                }
                System.out.println("done");             
                success = false;
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                success = true;
            }


            try {
                barrier.await(); // Need to wait on this barrier
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                // If the Child and Interrupter finish at the exact same millisecond we'll get here
                // In this weird case assume it failed
                success = false;                
            } 
            catch (BrokenBarrierException e) {
                // Something horrible happened, assume we failed
                success = false;
            }

        }

    }
}

它的名称是这样的:

long timeout = 10000; // number of milliseconds before timeout
TimeOut t = new TimeOut(new PhotoProcessor(filePath, params), timeout, true);
try {                       
  boolean sucess = t.execute(); // Will return false if this times out
  if (!sucess) {
    // This thread timed out
  }
  else {
    // This thread ran completely and did not timeout
  }
} catch (InterruptedException e) {}  

有一件事我没有看到提到的是,杀死线程通常是一个坏主意。有一些技术可以使线程方法完全可中止,但这与在超时后杀死线程是不同的。

您所建议的风险在于,您可能不知道当您终止线程时线程将处于什么状态—因此您可能会引入不稳定性。更好的解决方案是确保线程代码不会自动挂起,或者能够很好地响应中止请求。

考虑使用ExecutorService的实例。invokeAll()和invokeAny()方法都有一个超时参数。

当前线程将阻塞直到方法完成(不确定这是否是可取的),因为任务正常完成或达到超时。您可以检查返回的Future以确定发生了什么。