现在，我遇到了这样的问题。它恰好解码图片。解码过程耗时太长，导致屏幕黑屏。l添加一个时间控制器:当时间太长时，从当前线程中弹出。 差异如下:

   ExecutorService executor = Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor();
   Future<Bitmap> future = executor.submit(new Callable<Bitmap>() {
       @Override
       public Bitmap call() throws Exception {
       Bitmap bitmap = decodeAndScaleBitmapFromStream(context, inputUri);// do some time consuming operation
       return null;
            }
       });
       try {
           Bitmap result = future.get(1, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
       } catch (TimeoutException e){
           future.cancel(true);
       }
       executor.shutdown();
       return (bitmap!= null);

在BalusC给出的解决方案中，主线程将在超时期间保持阻塞状态。如果您的线程池中有多个线程，那么您将需要使用Future的相同数量的额外线程。get(long timeout,TimeUnit unit)阻塞调用，等待并关闭线程，如果它超过超时时间。

这个问题的通用解决方案是创建一个可以添加超时功能的ThreadPoolExecutor Decorator。这个Decorator类应该创建和ThreadPoolExecutor一样多的线程，所有这些线程都应该只用于等待和关闭ThreadPoolExecutor。

泛型类应该像下面这样实现:

import java.util.List;
import java.util.concurrent.*;

public class TimeoutThreadPoolDecorator extends ThreadPoolExecutor {


    private final ThreadPoolExecutor commandThreadpool;
    private final long timeout;
    private final TimeUnit unit;

    public TimeoutThreadPoolDecorator(ThreadPoolExecutor threadpool,
                                      long timeout,
                                      TimeUnit unit ){
        super(  threadpool.getCorePoolSize(),
                threadpool.getMaximumPoolSize(),
                threadpool.getKeepAliveTime(TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS),
                TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS,
                threadpool.getQueue());

        this.commandThreadpool = threadpool;
        this.timeout=timeout;
        this.unit=unit;
    }

    @Override
    public void execute(Runnable command) {
        super.execute(() -> {
            Future<?> future = commandThreadpool.submit(command);
            try {
                future.get(timeout, unit);
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                Thread.currentThread().interrupt();
            } catch (ExecutionException | TimeoutException e) {
                throw new RejectedExecutionException(e);
            } finally {
                future.cancel(true);
            }
        });
    }

    @Override
    public void setCorePoolSize(int corePoolSize) {
        super.setCorePoolSize(corePoolSize);
        commandThreadpool.setCorePoolSize(corePoolSize);
    }

    @Override
    public void setThreadFactory(ThreadFactory threadFactory) {
        super.setThreadFactory(threadFactory);
        commandThreadpool.setThreadFactory(threadFactory);
    }

    @Override
    public void setMaximumPoolSize(int maximumPoolSize) {
        super.setMaximumPoolSize(maximumPoolSize);
        commandThreadpool.setMaximumPoolSize(maximumPoolSize);
    }

    @Override
    public void setKeepAliveTime(long time, TimeUnit unit) {
        super.setKeepAliveTime(time, unit);
        commandThreadpool.setKeepAliveTime(time, unit);
    }

    @Override
    public void setRejectedExecutionHandler(RejectedExecutionHandler handler) {
        super.setRejectedExecutionHandler(handler);
        commandThreadpool.setRejectedExecutionHandler(handler);
    }

    @Override
    public List<Runnable> shutdownNow() {
        List<Runnable> taskList = super.shutdownNow();
        taskList.addAll(commandThreadpool.shutdownNow());
        return taskList;
    }

    @Override
    public void shutdown() {
        super.shutdown();
        commandThreadpool.shutdown();
    }
}

以上装饰器可如下使用:

import java.util.concurrent.SynchronousQueue;
import java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;

public class Main {

    public static void main(String[] args){

        long timeout = 2000;

        ThreadPoolExecutor threadPool = new ThreadPoolExecutor(3, 10, 0, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS, new SynchronousQueue<>(true));

        threadPool = new TimeoutThreadPoolDecorator( threadPool ,
                timeout,
                TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);


        threadPool.execute(command(1000));
        threadPool.execute(command(1500));
        threadPool.execute(command(2100));
        threadPool.execute(command(2001));

        while(threadPool.getActiveCount()>0);
        threadPool.shutdown();


    }

    private static Runnable command(int i) {

        return () -> {
            System.out.println("Running Thread:"+Thread.currentThread().getName());
            System.out.println("Starting command with sleep:"+i);
            try {
                Thread.sleep(i);
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                System.out.println("Thread "+Thread.currentThread().getName()+" with sleep of "+i+" is Interrupted!!!");
                return;
            }
            System.out.println("Completing Thread "+Thread.currentThread().getName()+" after sleep of "+i);
        };

    }
}

我认为你应该看看适当的并发处理机制(线程运行到无限循环本身听起来不太好，顺便说一句)。确保你阅读了一些关于“杀死”或“停止”线程主题的内容。

你所描述的，听起来很像一个“会合”，所以你可能想看看CyclicBarrier。

可能有其他结构(例如使用CountDownLatch)可以解决您的问题(一个线程等待闩锁超时，另一个线程应该在完成工作后倒数闩锁，这将在超时后或闩锁倒计时被调用时释放您的第一个线程)。

我通常推荐这方面的两本书:《Java并发编程》和《Java并发实践》。

我认为答案主要取决于任务本身。

是一遍又一遍地做一个任务吗? 超时是否有必要在过期后立即中断当前正在运行的任务?

如果第一个答案是肯定的，第二个答案是否定的，你可以这样简单地回答:

public class Main {

    private static final class TimeoutTask extends Thread {
        private final long _timeoutMs;
        private Runnable _runnable;

        private TimeoutTask(long timeoutMs, Runnable runnable) {
            _timeoutMs = timeoutMs;
            _runnable = runnable;
        }

        @Override
        public void run() {
            long start = System.currentTimeMillis();
            while (System.currentTimeMillis() < (start + _timeoutMs)) {
                _runnable.run();
            }
            System.out.println("execution took " + (System.currentTimeMillis() - start) +" ms");
        }

    }

    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        new TimeoutTask(2000L, new Runnable() {

            @Override
            public void run() {
                System.out.println("doing something ...");
                try {
                    // pretend it's taking somewhat longer than it really does
                    Thread.sleep(100);
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    throw new RuntimeException(e);
                }
            }
        }).start();
    }
}

如果这不是一个选项，请缩小您的需求-或显示一些代码。

我给你一段代码，它展示了如何解决这个问题的方法。 例如，我正在读取一个文件。 您可以将此方法用于另一个操作，但需要实现kill()方法，以便主操作将被中断。

希望能有所帮助

import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;

/**
 * Main class
 * 
 * @author el
 * 
 */
public class Main {
    /**
     * Thread which perform the task which should be timed out.
     * 
     * @author el
     * 
     */
    public static class MainThread extends Thread {
        /**
         * For example reading a file. File to read.
         */
        final private File fileToRead;
        /**
         * InputStream from the file.
         */
        final private InputStream myInputStream;
        /**
         * Thread for timeout.
         */
        final private TimeOutThread timeOutThread;

        /**
         * true if the thread has not ended.
         */
        boolean isRunning = true;

        /**
         * true if all tasks where done.
         */
        boolean everythingDone = false;

        /**
         * if every thing could not be done, an {@link Exception} may have
         * Happens.
         */
        Throwable endedWithException = null;

        /**
         * Constructor.
         * 
         * @param file
         * @throws FileNotFoundException
         */
        MainThread(File file) throws FileNotFoundException {
            setDaemon(false);
            fileToRead = file;
            // open the file stream.
            myInputStream = new FileInputStream(fileToRead);
            // Instantiate the timeout thread.
            timeOutThread = new TimeOutThread(10000, this);
        }

        /**
         * Used by the {@link TimeOutThread}.
         */
        public void kill() {
            if (isRunning) {
                isRunning = false;
                if (myInputStream != null) {
                    try {
                        // close the stream, it may be the problem.
                        myInputStream.close();
                    } catch (IOException e) {
                        // Not interesting
                        System.out.println(e.toString());
                    }
                }
                synchronized (this) {
                    notify();
                }
            }
        }

        /**
         * The task which should be timed out.
         */
        @Override
        public void run() {
            timeOutThread.start();
            int bytes = 0;
            try {
                // do something
                while (myInputStream.read() >= 0) {
                    // may block the thread.
                    myInputStream.read();
                    bytes++;
                    // simulate a slow stream.
                    synchronized (this) {
                        wait(10);
                    }
                }
                everythingDone = true;
            } catch (IOException e) {
                endedWithException = e;
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                endedWithException = e;
            } finally {
                timeOutThread.kill();
                System.out.println("-->read " + bytes + " bytes.");
                isRunning = false;
                synchronized (this) {
                    notifyAll();
                }
            }
        }
    }

    /**
     * Timeout Thread. Kill the main task if necessary.
     * 
     * @author el
     * 
     */
    public static class TimeOutThread extends Thread {
        final long timeout;
        final MainThread controlledObj;

        TimeOutThread(long timeout, MainThread controlledObj) {
            setDaemon(true);
            this.timeout = timeout;
            this.controlledObj = controlledObj;
        }

        boolean isRunning = true;

        /**
         * If we done need the {@link TimeOutThread} thread, we may kill it.
         */
        public void kill() {
            isRunning = false;
            synchronized (this) {
                notify();
            }
        }

        /**
         * 
         */
        @Override
        public void run() {
            long deltaT = 0l;
            try {
                long start = System.currentTimeMillis();
                while (isRunning && deltaT < timeout) {
                    synchronized (this) {
                        wait(Math.max(100, timeout - deltaT));
                    }
                    deltaT = System.currentTimeMillis() - start;
                }
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                // If the thread is interrupted,
                // you may not want to kill the main thread,
                // but probably yes.
            } finally {
                isRunning = false;
            }
            controlledObj.kill();
        }
    }

    /**
     * Start the main task and wait for the end.
     * 
     * @param args
     * @throws FileNotFoundException
     */
    public static void main(String[] args) throws FileNotFoundException {
        long start = System.currentTimeMillis();
        MainThread main = new MainThread(new File(args[0]));
        main.start();
        try {
            while (main.isRunning) {
                synchronized (main) {
                    main.wait(1000);
                }
            }
            long stop = System.currentTimeMillis();

            if (main.everythingDone)
                System.out.println("all done in " + (stop - start) + " ms.");
            else {
                System.out.println("could not do everything in "
                        + (stop - start) + " ms.");
                if (main.endedWithException != null)
                    main.endedWithException.printStackTrace();
            }
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            System.out.println("You've killed me!");
        }
    }
}

问候

BalusC说:

更新:为了澄清一个概念上的误解，sleep()不是必需的。它仅用于SSCCE/演示目的。只需要在sleep()的位置上执行长时间运行的任务。

但是如果你替换Thread.sleep(4000);用for (int I = 0;i < 5E8;i++){}则不会编译，因为空循环不会抛出InterruptedException。

为了使线程是可中断的，它需要抛出InterruptedException。

这对我来说是个严重的问题。我不知道如何调整这个答案来处理一般的长时间运行的任务。

编辑补充:我问了一个新问题:[在固定时间后中断一个线程，它必须抛出InterruptedException吗?]］