执行以下命令时:
ALTER TABLE `mytable` ADD UNIQUE (
`column1` ,
`column2`
);
我得到了这个错误信息:
#1071 - Specified key was too long; max key length is 767 bytes
columnn1和column2的信息:
column1 varchar(20) utf8_general_ci
column2 varchar(500) utf8_general_ci
我认为varchar(20)只需要21个字节，而varchar(500)只需要501个字节。所以总字节数是522，小于767。为什么我得到了错误消息?
#1071 - Specified key was too long; max key length is 767 bytes
当前回答
Laravel框架解决方案
根据Laravel 5.4。*文档;你必须在app/Providers/AppServiceProvider.php文件的引导方法中设置默认字符串长度，如下所示:
use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Schema;
public function boot()
{
Schema::defaultStringLength(191);
}
Laravel 5.4对这个修复的解释。*文档:
Laravel uses the utf8mb4 character set by default, which includes support for storing "emojis" in the database. If you are running a version of MySQL older than the 5.7.7 release or MariaDB older than the 10.2.2 release, you may need to manually configure the default string length generated by migrations in order for MySQL to create indexes for them. You may configure this by calling the Schema::defaultStringLength method within your AppServiceProvider. Alternatively, you may enable the innodb_large_prefix option for your database. Refer to your database's documentation for instructions on how to properly enable this option.
其他回答
这个问题
MySQL中有最大键长度限制。
InnoDB -最大密钥长度为1536字节(8kb页面大小)和768字节(4kb页面大小)(来源:Dev.MySQL.com) MyISAM -最大密钥长度是1000字节(来源Dev.MySQL.com)。
这些都是以字节为单位计算的!因此，一个UTF-8字符可能需要一个以上的字节才能存储到密钥中。
因此，你只有两个直接的解决方案:
只索引文本类型的前n个字符。 创建一个全文搜索-所有内容都可以在文本中搜索，以一种类似ElasticSearch的方式
索引文本类型的前N个字符
如果您正在创建一个表，请使用以下语法来索引某些字段的前255个字符:KEY sometextkey (SomeText(255))。像这样:
CREATE TABLE `MyTable` (
`id` int(11) NOT NULL auto_increment,
`SomeText` TEXT NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`id`),
KEY `sometextkey` (`SomeText`(255))
);
如果你已经有了这个表，那么你可以用add unique (ConfigValue(20));为一个字段添加一个唯一键。像这样:
ALTER TABLE
MyTable
ADD UNIQUE(`ConfigValue`(20));
如果字段名不是保留的MySQL关键字，则在字段名周围不需要反引号(' ' ')。
创建全文搜索
全文搜索将允许您搜索文本字段的全部值。如果你使用自然语言模式，它会进行全词匹配，如果你使用其他模式之一，它会进行部分词匹配。查看更多关于全文本的选项:Dev.MySQL.com
创建您的文本表，并添加全文索引…
ALTER TABLE
MyTable
ADD FULLTEXT INDEX
`SomeTextKey` (`SomeTextField` DESC);
然后像这样搜索你的桌子……
SELECT
MyTable.id, MyTable.Title,
MATCH
(MyTable.Text)
AGAINST
('foobar' IN NATURAL LANGUAGE MODE) AS score
FROM
MyTable
HAVING
score > 0
ORDER BY
score DESC;
当你达到极限的时候。设置如下参数。
INNODB utf8 VARCHAR(255) INNODB utf8mb4 VARCHAR
Specified key was too long; max key length is 767 bytes
You got that message because 1 byte equals 1 character only if you use the latin-1 character set. If you use utf8, each character will be considered 3 bytes when defining your key column. If you use utf8mb4, each character will be considered to be 4 bytes when defining your key column. Thus, you need to multiply your key field's character limit by, 1, 3, or 4 (in my example) to determine the number of bytes the key field is trying to allow. If you are using uft8mb4, you can only define 191 characters for a native, InnoDB, primary key field. Just don't breach 767 bytes.
如果您最近修改了innodb_log_file_size，请尝试恢复之前的值。
这解决了我的问题
ALTER DATABASE dbname CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE
