Dan Beaulieu在swift5中给出了答案(从swift 3.0.1开始也可以工作)。

斯威夫特5.0.1

extension DispatchQueue {

    static func background(delay: Double = 0.0, background: (()->Void)? = nil, completion: (() -> Void)? = nil) {
        DispatchQueue.global(qos: .background).async {
            background?()
            if let completion = completion {
                DispatchQueue.main.asyncAfter(deadline: .now() + delay, execute: {
                    completion()
                })
            }
        }
    }

}

使用

DispatchQueue.background(delay: 3.0, background: {
    // do something in background
}, completion: {
    // when background job finishes, wait 3 seconds and do something in main thread
})

DispatchQueue.background(background: {
    // do something in background
}, completion:{
    // when background job finished, do something in main thread
})

DispatchQueue.background(delay: 3.0, completion:{
    // do something in main thread after 3 seconds
})

由于OP问题已经在上面得到了回答，我只想添加一些速度方面的考虑:

我不建议使用.background线程优先级运行任务，尤其是在iPhone X上，因为任务似乎是分配在低功耗内核上的。

下面是一个计算密集型函数的一些真实数据，该函数从XML文件中读取(带缓冲)并执行数据插值:

设备名/ .background / .utility / .default / .userInitiated / .userInteractive

iPhone X: 18.7s / 6.3s / 1.8s / 1.8s iPhone 7: 4.6s / 3.1s / 3.0s / 2.8s / 2.6s iPhone 5s: 7.3s / 6.1s / 4.0s / 4.0s / 3.8s

注意，并不是所有设备的数据集都相同。iPhone X最大，iPhone 5s最小。

最佳实践是定义一个可多次访问的可重用函数。

可重用的功能:

例如，AppDelegate.swift是一个全局函数。

func backgroundThread(_ delay: Double = 0.0, background: (() -> Void)? = nil, completion: (() -> Void)? = nil) {
    dispatch_async(dispatch_get_global_queue(Int(QOS_CLASS_USER_INITIATED.value), 0)) {
        background?()

        let popTime = dispatch_time(DISPATCH_TIME_NOW, Int64(delay * Double(NSEC_PER_SEC)))
        dispatch_after(popTime, dispatch_get_main_queue()) {
            completion?()
        }
    }
}

注意:在Swift 2.0中替换QOS_CLASS_USER_INITIATED。使用QOS_CLASS_USER_INITIATED。rawValue相反

用法:

a .在后台运行一个进程，延迟3秒:

    backgroundThread(3.0, background: {
            // Your background function here
    })

B.在后台运行一个进程，然后在前台运行一个补全:

    backgroundThread(background: {
            // Your function here to run in the background
    },
    completion: {
            // A function to run in the foreground when the background thread is complete
    })

C.延迟3秒-注意使用completion参数而不使用background参数:

    backgroundThread(3.0, completion: {
            // Your delayed function here to be run in the foreground
    })

我真的很喜欢Dan Beaulieu的答案，但是它在Swift 2.2中不起作用，我认为我们可以避免那些讨厌的强制打开!

func backgroundThread(delay: Double = 0.0, background: (() -> Void)? = nil, completion: (() -> Void)? = nil) {

    dispatch_async(dispatch_get_global_queue(QOS_CLASS_USER_INITIATED, 0)) {

        background?()

        if let completion = completion{
            let popTime = dispatch_time(DISPATCH_TIME_NOW, Int64(delay * Double(NSEC_PER_SEC)))
            dispatch_after(popTime, dispatch_get_main_queue()) {
                completion()
            }
        }
    }
}

下面的代码是否有缺点(当需要启动前台屏幕之后)?

import Foundation
import UIKit

class TestTimeDelay {

    static var connected:Bool = false
    
    static var counter:Int = 0

    static func showAfterDelayControl(uiViewController:UIViewController) {
        NSLog("TestTimeDelay", "showAfterDelayControl")
    }
    
    static func tryReconnect() -> Bool {
        counter += 1
        NSLog("TestTimeDelay", "Counter:\(counter)")
        return counter > 4
    }

    static func waitOnConnectWithDelay(milliseconds:Int, uiViewController: UIViewController) {
        
        DispatchQueue.global(qos: .background).async {
            DispatchQueue.main.asyncAfter(deadline: DispatchTime.now() + DispatchTimeInterval.milliseconds(milliseconds), execute: {
                waitOnConnect(uiViewController: uiViewController)
            })
        }
    }

    static func waitOnConnect(uiViewController:UIViewController) {

        connected = tryReconnect()
        if connected {
            showAfterDelayControl(uiViewController: uiViewController)
        }
        else {
            waitOnConnectWithDelay(milliseconds: 200, uiViewController:uiViewController)
        }
     }
}   

Swift 3.0 +

在Swift 3.0中，很多东西都被现代化了。在后台队列上运行一些东西看起来像这样:

DispatchQueue.global(qos: .userInitiated).async {
    print("This is run on a background queue")

    DispatchQueue.main.async {
        print("This is run on the main queue, after the previous code in outer block")
    }
}

Swift 1.2到2.3

let qualityOfServiceClass = QOS_CLASS_USER_INITIATED
let backgroundQueue = dispatch_get_global_queue(qualityOfServiceClass, 0)
dispatch_async(backgroundQueue, {
    print("This is run on a background queue")

    dispatch_async(dispatch_get_main_queue(), { () -> Void in
        print("This is run on the main queue, after the previous code in outer block")
    })
})

Pre Swift 1.2 -已知问题

从Swift 1.1开始，苹果在没有做一些修改的情况下不支持上述语法。传递qos_class_user_initialized实际上不起作用，而是使用Int(qos_class_user_initialized .value)。

有关更多信息，请参阅apple文档