对于Kotlin开发人员

(activity as YourActivityClassName).methodName()

针对Java开发人员

((YourActivityClassName) getActivity()).methodName();

从碎片到活动:

((YourActivityClassName)getActivity()).yourPublicMethod();

从活动到片段:

FragmentManager fm = getSupportFragmentManager();

//if you added fragment via layout xml
YourFragmentClass fragment = (YourFragmentClass)fm.findFragmentById(R.id.your_fragment_id);
fragment.yourPublicMethod();

如果你通过代码添加片段，并且在添加片段时使用了标签字符串，请使用findFragmentByTag代替:

YourFragmentClass fragment = (YourFragmentClass)fm.findFragmentByTag("yourTag");

以下是我的做法:

首先制作接口

interface NavigationInterface {
    fun closeActivity()
}

接下来确保activity实现了接口并覆盖了接口方法

class NotesActivity : AppCompatActivity(), NavigationInterface {

    override fun onCreate(savedInstanceState: Bundle?) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState)
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_notes)
        setSupportActionBar(findViewById(R.id.toolbar))
    }

    override fun closeActivity() {
        this.finish()
    }
}

然后确保在片段中创建接口侦听器

private lateinit var navigationInterface: NavigationInterface

override fun onCreateView(
        inflater: LayoutInflater, container: ViewGroup?,
        savedInstanceState: Bundle?
): View? {
    //establish interface communication
    activity?.let {
        instantiateNavigationInterface(it)
    }
    // Inflate the layout for this fragment
    return inflater.inflate(R.layout.fragment_notes_info, container, false)
}

private fun instantiateNavigationInterface(context: FragmentActivity) {
    navigationInterface = context as NavigationInterface
}

然后你就可以这样打电话了:

view.findViewById<Button>(R.id.button_second).setOnClickListener {
    navigationInterface.closeActivity()
}

对于通过fragment访问Activity中声明的函数，请使用接口，如marco的回答所示。

如果你没有标签或id，你可以通过活动访问Fragment中声明的函数

private void setupViewPager(ViewPager viewPager) {
    //fragmentOne,fragmentTwo and fragmentThree are all global variables
    fragmentOne= new FragmentOne();
    fragmentTwo= new FragmentTwo();
    fragmentThree = new FragmentThree();

    viewPagerAdapteradapter = new ViewPagerAdapter(getSupportFragmentManager());
    viewPagerAdapteradapter.addFragment(fragmentOne, "Frag1");
    viewPagerAdapteradapter.addFragment(fragmentTwo, "Frag2");
    viewPagerAdapteradapter.addFragment(fragmentThree, "Frag3");

    //viewPager has to be instantiated when you create the activity:
    //ViewPager viewPager = (ViewPager)findViewById(R.id.pager);
    //setupViewPager(viewPager);
    //Where R.id.pager is the id of the viewPager defined in your activity's xml page.

    viewPager.setAdapter(viewPagerAdapteradapter);


    //frag1 and frag2 are also global variables
    frag1 = (FragmentOne)viewPagerAdapteradapter.mFragmentList.get(0);
    frag2 = (FragmentTwo)viewPagerAdapteradapter.mFragmentList.get(1);;


    //You can use the variable fragmentOne or frag1 to access functions declared in FragmentOne


}

这是ViewpagerAdapterClass

    class ViewPagerAdapter extends FragmentPagerAdapter {
    public final List<Fragment> mFragmentList = new ArrayList<>();
    private final List<String> mFragmentTitleList = new ArrayList<>();

    public ViewPagerAdapter(FragmentManager manager) {
        super(manager);
    }

    @Override
    public Fragment getItem(int position) {
        return mFragmentList.get(position);
    }

    @Override
    public int getCount() {
        return mFragmentList.size();
    }

    public void addFragment(Fragment fragment, String title) {
        mFragmentList.add(fragment);
        mFragmentTitleList.add(title);
    }

    @Override
    public CharSequence getPageTitle(int position) {
        return mFragmentTitleList.get(position);
    }
}

这个答案是给像我这样的新手的。祝你有愉快的一天。

对于Kotlin，请尝试一下

class DataForm : Fragment() {
    override fun onViewCreated(view: View, savedInstanceState: Bundle?) {
        Tasks(this).getData()
    }

    fun getResponse(response: String) {
        // code
    }
}

class Tasks(private val context: Any) {
    fun getData() {

        val getContext = (context as DataForm).activity
        val getFragment = (context as DataForm)

        val responseListener = Response.Listener<String> { response ->
            getFragment.getResponse(response)
        }

        val errorListener = Response.ErrorListener { error ->
            error.printStackTrace();
        }

        val stringRequest = StringRequest(Request.Method.GET, url, responseListener, errorListener)
        Volley.newRequestQueue(getContext).add(stringRequest)
    }
}

您可能应该尝试将片段与活动解耦，以防您想在其他地方使用它。您可以通过创建您的活动实现的接口来做到这一点。

所以你会像下面这样定义一个接口:

例如，假设你想给活动一个String，并让它返回一个Integer:

public interface MyStringListener{
    public Integer computeSomething(String myString);
}

这可以在片段或单独的文件中定义。

然后你会让你的活动实现接口。

public class MyActivity extends FragmentActivity implements MyStringListener{

  @Override
  public Integer computeSomething(String myString){
   /** Do something with the string and return your Integer instead of 0 **/ 
   return 0;
  }

}

然后在你的片段中，你会有一个MyStringListener变量，你会在片段onAttach(Activity Activity)方法中设置监听器。

public class MyFragment {

        private MyStringListener listener;

        @Override
        public void onAttach(Context context) {
            super.onAttach(context);
            try {
                listener = (MyStringListener) context;
            } catch (ClassCastException castException) {
                /** The activity does not implement the listener. */
            }
        }

    }

edit(17.12.2015):onAttach(Activity Activity)已弃用，改用onAttach(Context Context)，它按预期工作

第一个答案肯定有效，但它将当前片段与宿主活动结合在一起。如果你想在另一个活动中使用它，保持片段与宿主活动解耦是很好的做法。