这是经常出现在StackOverflow上的“每组最多n个”问题的一个例子。

以下是我通常建议的解决方法:

SELECT c.*, p1.*
FROM customer c
JOIN purchase p1 ON (c.id = p1.customer_id)
LEFT OUTER JOIN purchase p2 ON (c.id = p2.customer_id AND 
    (p1.date < p2.date OR (p1.date = p2.date AND p1.id < p2.id)))
WHERE p2.id IS NULL;

解释:给定第p1行，不应该有第p2行具有相同的客户和较晚的日期(或者在领带的情况下，较晚的id)。当我们发现这是正确的，那么p1是该客户最近的购买。

关于索引，我将在purchase列(customer_id、date、id)上创建一个复合索引。这可能允许使用覆盖索引来完成外部连接。请确保在您的平台上进行测试，因为优化是依赖于实现的。使用RDBMS的特性来分析优化计划。例如，MySQL上的EXPLAIN。

有些人使用子查询而不是我上面展示的解决方案，但我发现我的解决方案更容易解决关系。

您也可以尝试使用子选择来完成此操作

SELECT  c.*, p.*
FROM    customer c INNER JOIN
        (
            SELECT  customer_id,
                    MAX(date) MaxDate
            FROM    purchase
            GROUP BY customer_id
        ) MaxDates ON c.id = MaxDates.customer_id INNER JOIN
        purchase p ON   MaxDates.customer_id = p.customer_id
                    AND MaxDates.MaxDate = p.date

选择应加入所有客户和他们的最后购买日期。

您还没有指定数据库。如果它是一个允许分析函数的方法，那么使用这种方法可能比GROUP BY更快(在Oracle中肯定更快，在SQL Server的后期版本中很可能更快，不知道其他版本)。

SQL Server中的语法是:

SELECT c.*, p.*
FROM customer c INNER JOIN 
     (SELECT RANK() OVER (PARTITION BY customer_id ORDER BY date DESC) r, *
             FROM purchase) p
ON (c.id = p.customer_id)
WHERE p.r = 1

另一种方法是在你的连接条件中使用NOT EXISTS条件来测试以后的购买:

SELECT *
FROM customer c
LEFT JOIN purchase p ON (
       c.id = p.customer_id
   AND NOT EXISTS (
     SELECT 1 FROM purchase p1
     WHERE p1.customer_id = c.id
     AND p1.id > p.id
   )
)

我发现这条线索可以解决我的问题。

但当我尝试时，它们的表现很低。Bellow是我对更好的性能的建议。

With MaxDates as (
SELECT  customer_id,
                MAX(date) MaxDate
        FROM    purchase
        GROUP BY customer_id
)

SELECT  c.*, M.*
FROM    customer c INNER JOIN
        MaxDates as M ON c.id = M.customer_id 

希望这对你有所帮助。

请尝尝这个，

SELECT 
c.Id,
c.name,
(SELECT pi.price FROM purchase pi WHERE pi.Id = MAX(p.Id)) AS [LastPurchasePrice]
FROM customer c INNER JOIN purchase p 
ON c.Id = p.customerId 
GROUP BY c.Id,c.name;

试试这个，会有帮助的。

我在我的项目中使用了这个。

SELECT 
*
FROM
customer c
OUTER APPLY(SELECT top 1 * FROM purchase pi 
WHERE pi.customer_id = c.Id order by pi.Id desc) AS [LastPurchasePrice]

在SQLite上测试:

SELECT c.*, p.*, max(p.date)
FROM customer c
LEFT OUTER JOIN purchase p
ON c.id = p.customer_id
GROUP BY c.id

max()聚合函数将确保从每个组中选择最新的购买(但假设日期列的格式是max()给出最新的—通常情况下是这样)。如果你想处理同一日期的购买，那么你可以使用max(p。目前为止,p.id)。

在索引方面，我将使用一个关于购买的索引(customer_id，日期，[您想在选择中返回的任何其他购买列])。

LEFT OUTER JOIN(相对于INNER JOIN)将确保从未购买过的客户也包括在内。

如果你正在使用PostgreSQL，你可以使用DISTINCT ON来查找组中的第一行。

SELECT customer.*, purchase.*
FROM customer
JOIN (
   SELECT DISTINCT ON (customer_id) *
   FROM purchase
   ORDER BY customer_id, date DESC
) purchase ON purchase.customer_id = customer.id

PostgreSQL Docs - Distinct On

注意，DISTINCT ON字段——这里是customer_id——必须匹配ORDER BY子句中最左边的字段。

注意:这是一个非标准条款。

先不讲代码，逻辑/算法如下:

Go to the transaction table with multiple records for the same client. Select records of clientID and the latestDate of client's activity using group by clientID and max(transactionDate) select clientID, max(transactionDate) as latestDate from transaction group by clientID inner join the transaction table with the outcome from Step 2, then you will have the full records of the transaction table with only each client's latest record. select * from transaction t inner join ( select clientID, max(transactionDate) as latestDate from transaction group by clientID) d on t.clientID = d.clientID and t.transactionDate = d.latestDate) You can use the result from step 3 to join any table you want to get different results.

我需要你需要的东西，尽管是在许多年后，我尝试了最流行的两个答案。这些都没有产生预期的结果。这就是我所能提供的…为了清晰起见，我更改了一些名称。

SELECT 
  cc.pk_ID AS pk_Customer_ID, 
  cc.Customer_Name AS Customer_Name, 
  IFNULL(pp.pk_ID, '') AS fk_Purchase_ID,
  IFNULL(pp.fk_Customer_ID, '') AS fk_Customer_ID,
  IFNULL(pp.fk_Item_ID, '') AS fk_Item_ID,
  IFNULL(pp.Purchase_Date, '') AS Purchase_Date
FROM customer cc
LEFT JOIN purchase pp ON (
  SELECT zz.pk_ID 
  FROM purchase zz 
  WHERE cc.pk_ID = zz.fk_Customer_ID 
  ORDER BY zz.Purchase_Date DESC LIMIT 1) = pp.pk_ID
ORDER BY cc.pk_ID;

在SQL Server上你可以使用:

SELECT *
FROM customer c
INNER JOIN purchase p on c.id = p.customer_id
WHERE p.id = (
    SELECT TOP 1 p2.id
    FROM purchase p2
    WHERE p.customer_id = p2.customer_id
    ORDER BY date DESC
)

SQL Server小提琴:http://sqlfiddle.com/#!18/262fd / 2

在MySQL上你可以使用:

SELECT c.name, date
FROM customer c
INNER JOIN purchase p on c.id = p.customer_id
WHERE p.id = (
    SELECT p2.id
    FROM purchase p2
    WHERE p.customer_id = p2.customer_id
    ORDER BY date DESC
    LIMIT 1
)

MySQL小提琴:http://sqlfiddle.com/#!9/202613/7

表:

Customer => id, name
Purchase => id, customer_id, item_id, date

查询:

SELECT C.id, C.name, P.id, P.date
  FROM customer AS C
  LEFT JOIN purchase AS P ON 
    (
      P.customer_id = C.id 
      AND P.id IN (
        SELECT MAX(PP.id) FROM purchase AS PP GROUP BY PP.customer_id
      )
    )

你也可以指定一些条件到子选择查询