lxml。物化真的很简单。

以示例文本为例:

from lxml import objectify
from collections import defaultdict

count = defaultdict(int)

root = objectify.fromstring(text)

for item in root.bar.type:
    count[item.attrib.get("foobar")] += 1

print dict(count)

输出:

{'1': 1, '2': 1}

你可以使用BeautifulSoup:

from bs4 import BeautifulSoup

x="""<foo>
   <bar>
      <type foobar="1"/>
      <type foobar="2"/>
   </bar>
</foo>"""

y=BeautifulSoup(x)
>>> y.foo.bar.type["foobar"]
u'1'

>>> y.foo.bar.findAll("type")
[<type foobar="1"></type>, <type foobar="2"></type>]

>>> y.foo.bar.findAll("type")[0]["foobar"]
u'1'
>>> y.foo.bar.findAll("type")[1]["foobar"]
u'2'

我建议使用declxml。

完全公开:我编写这个库是因为我正在寻找一种在XML和Python数据结构之间转换的方法，而不需要用ElementTree编写数十行强制解析/序列化代码。

使用declxml，您可以使用处理器声明性地定义XML文档的结构以及如何在XML和Python数据结构之间进行映射。处理器用于序列化和解析，也用于基本级别的验证。

解析成Python数据结构很简单:

import declxml as xml

xml_string = """
<foo>
   <bar>
      <type foobar="1"/>
      <type foobar="2"/>
   </bar>
</foo>
"""

processor = xml.dictionary('foo', [
    xml.dictionary('bar', [
        xml.array(xml.integer('type', attribute='foobar'))
    ])
])

xml.parse_from_string(processor, xml_string)

它产生输出:

{'bar': {'foobar': [1, 2]}}

还可以使用同一处理器将数据序列化为XML

data = {'bar': {
    'foobar': [7, 3, 21, 16, 11]
}}

xml.serialize_to_string(processor, data, indent='    ')

哪个产生以下输出

<?xml version="1.0" ?>
<foo>
    <bar>
        <type foobar="7"/>
        <type foobar="3"/>
        <type foobar="21"/>
        <type foobar="16"/>
        <type foobar="11"/>
    </bar>
</foo>

如果希望使用对象而不是字典，则可以定义处理器来在对象之间转换数据。

import declxml as xml

class Bar:

    def __init__(self):
        self.foobars = []

    def __repr__(self):
        return 'Bar(foobars={})'.format(self.foobars)


xml_string = """
<foo>
   <bar>
      <type foobar="1"/>
      <type foobar="2"/>
   </bar>
</foo>
"""

processor = xml.dictionary('foo', [
    xml.user_object('bar', Bar, [
        xml.array(xml.integer('type', attribute='foobar'), alias='foobars')
    ])
])

xml.parse_from_string(processor, xml_string)

哪个产生以下输出

{'bar': Bar(foobars=[1, 2])}

simplified_scrapy:一个新的库，我使用后就爱上了它。我向你推荐。

from simplified_scrapy import SimplifiedDoc
xml = '''
<foo>
   <bar>
      <type foobar="1"/>
      <type foobar="2"/>
   </bar>
</foo>
'''

doc = SimplifiedDoc(xml)
types = doc.selects('bar>type')
print (len(types)) # 2
print (types.foobar) # ['1', '2']
print (doc.selects('bar>type>foobar()')) # ['1', '2']

这里有更多的例子。这个库很容易使用。

XML:

<foo>
   <bar>
      <type foobar="1"/>
      <type foobar="2"/>
   </bar>
</foo>

Python代码:

import xml.etree.cElementTree as ET

tree = ET.parse("foo.xml")
root = tree.getroot() 
root_tag = root.tag
print(root_tag) 

for form in root.findall("./bar/type"):
    x=(form.attrib)
    z=list(x)
    for i in z:
        print(x[i])

输出:

foo
1
2

#If the xml is in the form of a string as shown below then
from lxml  import etree, objectify
'''sample xml as a string with a name space {http://xmlns.abc.com}'''
message =b'<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>\r\n<pa:Process xmlns:pa="http://xmlns.abc.com">\r\n\t<pa:firsttag>SAMPLE</pa:firsttag></pa:Process>\r\n'  # this is a sample xml which is a string


print('************message coversion and parsing starts*************')

message=message.decode('utf-8') 
message=message.replace('<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>\r\n','') #replace is used to remove unwanted strings from the 'message'
message=message.replace('pa:Process>\r\n','pa:Process>')
print (message)

print ('******Parsing starts*************')
parser = etree.XMLParser(remove_blank_text=True) #the name space is removed here
root = etree.fromstring(message, parser) #parsing of xml happens here
print ('******Parsing completed************')


dict={}
for child in root: # parsed xml is iterated using a for loop and values are stored in a dictionary
    print(child.tag,child.text)
    print('****Derving from xml tree*****')
    if child.tag =="{http://xmlns.abc.com}firsttag":
        dict["FIRST_TAG"]=child.text
        print(dict)


### output
'''************message coversion and parsing starts*************
<pa:Process xmlns:pa="http://xmlns.abc.com">

    <pa:firsttag>SAMPLE</pa:firsttag></pa:Process>
******Parsing starts*************
******Parsing completed************
{http://xmlns.abc.com}firsttag SAMPLE
****Derving from xml tree*****
{'FIRST_TAG': 'SAMPLE'}'''