有一篇关于这方面的论文:http://www.cs.kent.edu/~jmaletic/papers/ICPC2010-CamelCaseUnderScoreClouds.pdf

它说snake_case比camelCase可读性更好。这就是为什么现代语言在任何可能的地方都使用(或应该使用)蛇。

@JohnTESlade的回答更进一步。谷歌的python风格指南有一些非常简洁的建议，

避免使用的名字

除计数器或迭代器外的单字符名称 在任何包/模块名称中使用破折号(-) \ __double_leading_and_trailing_下划线名称(由Python保留)

命名约定

"Internal" means internal to a module or protected or private within a class. Prepending a single underscore (_) has some support for protecting module variables and functions (not included with import * from). Prepending a double underscore (__) to an instance variable or method effectively serves to make the variable or method private to its class (using name mangling). Place related classes and top-level functions together in a module. Unlike Java, there is no need to limit yourself to one class per module. Use CapWords for class names, but lower_with_under.py for module names. Although there are many existing modules named CapWords.py, this is now discouraged because it's confusing when the module happens to be named after a class. ("wait -- did I write import StringIO or from StringIO import StringIO?")

指南源自圭多的建议

正如Python代码风格指南所承认的那样，

Python的命名约定 图书馆有点乱，所以我们 永远不能完全一致

注意，这只是指Python的标准库。如果他们不能保持一致，那么几乎没有希望为所有Python代码拥有一个普遍遵守的约定，不是吗?

从这一点，以及这里的讨论，我可以推断，如果一个人在过渡到Python时继续使用例如Java或c#的(清晰而完善的)变量和函数命名约定，这并不是一个可怕的罪恶。当然，要记住，最好是遵循代码库/项目/团队的流行风格。正如Python风格指南所指出的，内部一致性是最重要的。

尽管把我当异教徒看待吧。:-)和OP一样，我不是一个“Pythonista”，至少现在还不是。

谷歌Python风格指南有以下约定:

module_name, package_name, ClassName, method_name, ExceptionName, function_name, GLOBAL_CONSTANT_NAME, global_var_name, instance_var_name, function_parameter_name, local_var_name。

CLASS_CONSTANT_NAME应该应用类似的命名方案

There is PEP 8, as other answers show, but PEP 8 is only the styleguide for the standard library, and it's only taken as gospel therein. One of the most frequent deviations of PEP 8 for other pieces of code is the variable naming, specifically for methods. There is no single predominate style, although considering the volume of code that uses mixedCase, if one were to make a strict census one would probably end up with a version of PEP 8 with mixedCase. There is little other deviation from PEP 8 that is quite as common.

大多数使用python的人更喜欢下划线，但即使我已经使用python 5年多了，我仍然不喜欢它们。我只是觉得它们很丑，但也许这就是我脑子里的爪哇。

I simply like CamelCase better since it fits better with the way classes are named, It feels more logical to have SomeClass.doSomething() than SomeClass.do_something(). If you look around in the global module index in python, you will find both, which is due to the fact that it's a collection of libraries from various sources that grew overtime and not something that was developed by one company like Sun with strict coding rules. I would say the bottom line is: Use whatever you like better, it's just a question of personal taste.