我试图写一个函数,它做以下工作:

以一个整数数组作为参数(例如[1,2,3,4]) 创建一个包含[1,2,3,4]的所有可能排列的数组,每个排列的长度为4

下面的函数(我在网上找到的)通过接受一个字符串作为参数,并返回该字符串的所有排列来实现这一点

我不知道如何修改它,使它与整数数组一起工作,(我认为这与一些方法在字符串上的工作方式不同于在整数上的工作方式有关,但我不确定…)

let permArr = [];
let usedChars = [];

function permute(input) {
    const chars = input.split("");
    for (let i = 0; i < chars.length; i++) {
        const ch = chars.splice(i, 1);
        usedChars.push(ch);
        if (chars.length === 0) {
            permArr[permArr.length] = usedChars.join("");
        }
        permute(chars.join(""));
        chars.splice(i, 0, ch);
        usedChars.pop();
    }
    return permArr
};

注意:我希望函数返回整数数组,而不是字符串数组。

我真的需要解决方案是在JavaScript。我已经知道如何在python中做到这一点


当前回答

const permutations = array => { let permut = []; helperFunction(0, array, permut); return permut; }; const helperFunction = (i, array, permut) => { if (i === array.length - 1) { permut.push(array.slice()); } else { for (let j = i; j < array.length; j++) { swapElements(i, j, array); helperFunction(i + 1, array, permut); swapElements(i, j, array); } } }; function swapElements(a, b, array) { let temp = array[a]; array[a] = array[b]; array[b] = temp; } console.log(permutations([1, 2, 3]));

其他回答

有点晚了,但喜欢在这里添加一个稍微优雅的版本。可以是任何数组…

function permutator(inputArr) {
  var results = [];

  function permute(arr, memo) {
    var cur, memo = memo || [];

    for (var i = 0; i < arr.length; i++) {
      cur = arr.splice(i, 1);
      if (arr.length === 0) {
        results.push(memo.concat(cur));
      }
      permute(arr.slice(), memo.concat(cur));
      arr.splice(i, 0, cur[0]);
    }

    return results;
  }

  return permute(inputArr);
}

添加ES6(2015)版本。也不会改变原始输入数组。工作在控制台Chrome…

const permutator = (inputArr) => {
  let result = [];

  const permute = (arr, m = []) => {
    if (arr.length === 0) {
      result.push(m)
    } else {
      for (let i = 0; i < arr.length; i++) {
        let curr = arr.slice();
        let next = curr.splice(i, 1);
        permute(curr.slice(), m.concat(next))
     }
   }
 }

 permute(inputArr)

 return result;
}

所以…

permutator(['c','a','t']);

收益率…

[ [ 'c', 'a', 't' ],
  [ 'c', 't', 'a' ],
  [ 'a', 'c', 't' ],
  [ 'a', 't', 'c' ],
  [ 't', 'c', 'a' ],
  [ 't', 'a', 'c' ] ]

和…

permutator([1,2,3]);

收益率…

[ [ 1, 2, 3 ],
  [ 1, 3, 2 ],
  [ 2, 1, 3 ],
  [ 2, 3, 1 ],
  [ 3, 1, 2 ],
  [ 3, 2, 1 ] ]

这是delimited的更简洁的版本

function permutator (inputArr) {
  const result = []

  function permute (arr, m = []) {
    if (arr.length) {
      arr.forEach((item, i) => {
        const restArr = [...arr.slice(0, i), ...arr.slice(i + 1)]
        permute(restArr, [...m, item])
      })
    } else {
      result.push(m)
    }
  }

  permute(inputArr)

  return result
}
  let permutations = []

  permutate([], {
    color: ['red', 'green'],
    size: ['big', 'small', 'medium'],
    type: ['saison', 'oldtimer']
  })

  function permutate (currentVals, remainingAttrs) {
    remainingAttrs[Object.keys(remainingAttrs)[0]].forEach(attrVal => {
      let currentValsNew = currentVals.slice(0)
      currentValsNew.push(attrVal)

      if (Object.keys(remainingAttrs).length > 1) {
        let remainingAttrsNew = JSON.parse(JSON.stringify(remainingAttrs))
        delete remainingAttrsNew[Object.keys(remainingAttrs)[0]]

        permutate(currentValsNew, remainingAttrsNew)
      } else {
        permutations.push(currentValsNew)
      }
    })
  }

结果:

[ 
  [ 'red', 'big', 'saison' ],
  [ 'red', 'big', 'oldtimer' ],
  [ 'red', 'small', 'saison' ],
  [ 'red', 'small', 'oldtimer' ],
  [ 'red', 'medium', 'saison' ],
  [ 'red', 'medium', 'oldtimer' ],
  [ 'green', 'big', 'saison' ],
  [ 'green', 'big', 'oldtimer' ],
  [ 'green', 'small', 'saison' ],
  [ 'green', 'small', 'oldtimer' ],
  [ 'green', 'medium', 'saison' ],
  [ 'green', 'medium', 'oldtimer' ] 
]

一些受到Haskell启发的版本:

perms [] = [[]]
perms xs = [ x:ps | x <- xs , ps <- perms ( xs\\[x] ) ]

function perms(xs) { if (!xs.length) return [[]]; return xs.flatMap(x => { // get permutations of xs without x, then prepend x to each return perms(xs.filter(v => v!==x)).map(vs => [x, ...vs]); }); // or this duplicate-safe way, suggested by @M.Charbonnier in the comments // return xs.flatMap((x, i) => { // return perms(xs.filter((v, j) => i!==j)).map(vs => [x, ...vs]); // }); // or @user3658510's variant // return xs.flatMap((x, i) => { // return perms([...xs.slice(0,i),...xs.slice(i+1)]).map(vs => [x,...vs]); // }); } document.write(JSON.stringify(perms([1,2,3])));

无需外部数组或附加函数即可回答

function permutator (arr) {
  var permutations = [];
  if (arr.length === 1) {
    return [ arr ];
  }

  for (var i = 0; i <  arr.length; i++) { 
    var subPerms = permutator(arr.slice(0, i).concat(arr.slice(i + 1)));
    for (var j = 0; j < subPerms.length; j++) {
      subPerms[j].unshift(arr[i]);
      permutations.push(subPerms[j]);
    }
  }
  return permutations;
}