简单来说(主要针对编程新手)，我们可以说:

    `return`: exits the function,
    `exit()`: exits the program (called as process while running)

如果你观察一下，这是非常基本的，但是…

    `return`: is the keyword
    `exit()`: is the function

我认为没有人真正完全回答了这个问题，因为他们没有描述这两者是如何使用的。我想我们知道exit会终止脚本，不管它在哪里被调用你也可以给它分配一个状态比如exit, exit 0, exit 7等等。这可以用来确定如果被另一个脚本调用，脚本是如何被迫停止的，等等。到此为止。

Return，当调用时，将返回指定的值来指示函数的行为，通常是1或0。例如:

    #!/bin/bash
    isdirectory() {
      if [ -d "$1" ]
      then
        return 0
      else
        return 1
      fi
    echo "you will not see anything after the return like this text"
    }

像这样检查:

    if isdirectory $1; then echo "is directory"; else echo "not a directory"; fi

或者像这样:

    isdirectory || echo "not a directory"

在本例中，可以使用测试来指示是否找到了目录。注意，函数中不会执行return之后的任何内容。0在shell中为真，但false为1，这与其他编程语言不同。

有关函数的更多信息:从Bash函数返回值

注意:isdirectory函数仅用于教学目的。这不应该是你在真正的脚本中执行这样的选项

首先，return是一个关键字，exit是一个函数。

也就是说，这里有一个最简单的解释。

返回

它从函数中返回一个值。

exit

它退出或放弃当前shell。

OP的问题是: BASH函数中的返回语句和退出语句在退出代码方面有什么区别?

首先，需要做一些澄清:

A (return|exit) statement is not required to terminate execution of a (function|shell). A (function|shell) will terminate when it reaches the end of its code list, even with no (return|exit) statement. A (return|exit) statement is not required to pass a value back from a terminated (function|shell). Every process has a built-in variable $? which always has a numeric value. It is a special variable that cannot be set like "?=1", but it is set only in special ways (see below *). The value of $? after the last command to be executed in the (called function | sub shell) is the value that is passed back to the (function caller | parent shell). That is true whether the last command executed is ("return [n]"| "exit [n]") or plain ("return" or something else which happens to be the last command in the called function's code.

在上面的项目符号列表中，从"(x|y)"中选择，要么总是第一项，要么总是第二项，分别获得关于函数和return的语句，或者shell和exit的语句。

很明显，它们都使用了特殊变量$?在值终止后向上传递值。

*现在是$?可设置:

When a called function terminates and returns to its caller then $? in the caller will be equal to the final value of $? in the terminated function. When a parent shell implicitly or explicitly waits on a single sub shell and is released by termination of that sub shell, then $? in the parent shell will be equal to the final value of $? in the terminated sub shell. Some built-in functions can modify $? depending upon their result. But some don't. Built-in functions "return" and "exit", when followed by a numerical argument both set $? with their argument, and terminate execution.

值得注意的是，$?可以通过在子shell中调用exit来赋值，如下所示:

# (exit 259)
# echo $?
3

如果将Bash脚本转换为函数，则通常将退出N替换为返回N。调用该函数的代码将把返回值视为子进程的退出代码。

在函数中使用exit将强制整个脚本结束。

Return将导致当前函数超出作用域，而exit将导致脚本在调用它的地方结束。下面是一个示例程序来帮助解释这一点:

#!/bin/bash

retfunc()
{
    echo "this is retfunc()"
    return 1
}

exitfunc()
{
    echo "this is exitfunc()"
    exit 1
}

retfunc
echo "We are still here"
exitfunc
echo "We will never see this"

输出

$ ./test.sh
this is retfunc()
We are still here
this is exitfunc()