Argparse是正确的方法。下面是如何使用它的简短总结:

1)初始化

import argparse

# Instantiate the parser
parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description='Optional app description')

2)添加论据

# Required positional argument
parser.add_argument('pos_arg', type=int,
                    help='A required integer positional argument')

# Optional positional argument
parser.add_argument('opt_pos_arg', type=int, nargs='?',
                    help='An optional integer positional argument')

# Optional argument
parser.add_argument('--opt_arg', type=int,
                    help='An optional integer argument')

# Switch
parser.add_argument('--switch', action='store_true',
                    help='A boolean switch')

3)解析

args = parser.parse_args()

4)访问

print("Argument values:")
print(args.pos_arg)
print(args.opt_pos_arg)
print(args.opt_arg)
print(args.switch)

5)检查价值

if args.pos_arg > 10:
    parser.error("pos_arg cannot be larger than 10")

使用

正确使用方法:

$ ./app 1 2 --opt_arg 3 --switch

Argument values:
1
2
3
True

不正确的参数:

$ ./app foo 2 --opt_arg 3 --switch
usage: convert [-h] [--opt_arg OPT_ARG] [--switch] pos_arg [opt_pos_arg]
app: error: argument pos_arg: invalid int value: 'foo'

$ ./app 11 2 --opt_arg 3
Argument values:
11
2
3
False
usage: app [-h] [--opt_arg OPT_ARG] [--switch] pos_arg [opt_pos_arg]
convert: error: pos_arg cannot be larger than 10

完整的帮助:

$ ./app -h

usage: app [-h] [--opt_arg OPT_ARG] [--switch] pos_arg [opt_pos_arg]

Optional app description

positional arguments:
  pos_arg            A required integer positional argument
  opt_pos_arg        An optional integer positional argument

optional arguments:
  -h, --help         show this help message and exit
  --opt_arg OPT_ARG  An optional integer argument
  --switch           A boolean switch

我更喜欢点击。它抽象了管理选项，并允许“(…)以一种可组合的方式，用尽可能少的代码创建漂亮的命令行界面”。

下面是用法示例:

import click

@click.command()
@click.option('--count', default=1, help='Number of greetings.')
@click.option('--name', prompt='Your name',
              help='The person to greet.')
def hello(count, name):
    """Simple program that greets NAME for a total of COUNT times."""
    for x in range(count):
        click.echo('Hello %s!' % name)

if __name__ == '__main__':
    hello()

它还会自动生成格式良好的帮助页面:

$ python hello.py --help
Usage: hello.py [OPTIONS]

  Simple program that greets NAME for a total of COUNT times.

Options:
  --count INTEGER  Number of greetings.
  --name TEXT      The person to greet.
  --help           Show this message and exit.

我认为大型项目的最佳方法是optparse，但如果您正在寻找一种简单的方法，也许http://werkzeug.pocoo.org/documentation/script适合您。

from werkzeug import script

# actions go here
def action_foo(name=""):
    """action foo does foo"""
    pass

def action_bar(id=0, title="default title"):
    """action bar does bar"""
    pass

if __name__ == '__main__':
    script.run()

所以基本上每个函数action_*都暴露在命令行和一个nice 免费生成帮助信息。

python foo.py 
usage: foo.py <action> [<options>]
       foo.py --help

actions:
  bar:
    action bar does bar

    --id                          integer   0
    --title                       string    default title

  foo:
    action foo does foo

    --name                        string

Argparse是正确的方法。下面是如何使用它的简短总结:

1)初始化

import argparse

# Instantiate the parser
parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description='Optional app description')

2)添加论据

# Required positional argument
parser.add_argument('pos_arg', type=int,
                    help='A required integer positional argument')

# Optional positional argument
parser.add_argument('opt_pos_arg', type=int, nargs='?',
                    help='An optional integer positional argument')

# Optional argument
parser.add_argument('--opt_arg', type=int,
                    help='An optional integer argument')

# Switch
parser.add_argument('--switch', action='store_true',
                    help='A boolean switch')

3)解析

args = parser.parse_args()

4)访问

print("Argument values:")
print(args.pos_arg)
print(args.opt_pos_arg)
print(args.opt_arg)
print(args.switch)

5)检查价值

if args.pos_arg > 10:
    parser.error("pos_arg cannot be larger than 10")

使用

正确使用方法:

$ ./app 1 2 --opt_arg 3 --switch

Argument values:
1
2
3
True

不正确的参数:

$ ./app foo 2 --opt_arg 3 --switch
usage: convert [-h] [--opt_arg OPT_ARG] [--switch] pos_arg [opt_pos_arg]
app: error: argument pos_arg: invalid int value: 'foo'

$ ./app 11 2 --opt_arg 3
Argument values:
11
2
3
False
usage: app [-h] [--opt_arg OPT_ARG] [--switch] pos_arg [opt_pos_arg]
convert: error: pos_arg cannot be larger than 10

完整的帮助:

$ ./app -h

usage: app [-h] [--opt_arg OPT_ARG] [--switch] pos_arg [opt_pos_arg]

Optional app description

positional arguments:
  pos_arg            A required integer positional argument
  opt_pos_arg        An optional integer positional argument

optional arguments:
  -h, --help         show this help message and exit
  --opt_arg OPT_ARG  An optional integer argument
  --switch           A boolean switch

由于这些原因，新的流行方法是argparse。Argparse > optparse > getopt

更新:从py2.7开始，argparse是标准库的一部分，optparse已弃用。

我扩展了Erco的方法，允许使用必需的位置参数和可选参数。这些参数应该在-d， -v等参数之前。

位置参数和可选参数可以分别用PosArg(i)和OptArg(i, default)检索。 当找到一个可选参数时，搜索选项的起始位置(例如-i)将向前移动1，以避免导致“意外”致命。

import os,sys


def HelpAndExit():
    print("<<your help output goes here>>")
    sys.exit(1)

def Fatal(msg):
    sys.stderr.write("%s: %s\n" % (os.path.basename(sys.argv[0]), msg))
    sys.exit(1)

def NextArg(i):
    '''Return the next command line argument (if there is one)'''
    if ((i+1) >= len(sys.argv)):
        Fatal("'%s' expected an argument" % sys.argv[i])
    return(1, sys.argv[i+1])

def PosArg(i):
    '''Return positional argument'''
    if i >= len(sys.argv):
        Fatal("'%s' expected an argument" % sys.argv[i])
    return sys.argv[i]

def OptArg(i, default):
    '''Return optional argument (if there is one)'''
    if i >= len(sys.argv):
        Fatal("'%s' expected an argument" % sys.argv[i])
    if sys.argv[i][:1] != '-':
        return True, sys.argv[i]
    else:
        return False, default


### MAIN
if __name__=='__main__':

    verbose = 0
    debug   = 0
    infile  = "infile"
    outfile = "outfile"
    options_start = 3

    # --- Parse two positional parameters ---
    n1 = int(PosArg(1))
    n2 = int(PosArg(2))

    # --- Parse an optional parameters ---
    present, a3 = OptArg(3,50)
    n3 = int(a3)
    options_start += int(present)

    # --- Parse rest of command line ---
    skip = 0
    for i in range(options_start, len(sys.argv)):
        if not skip:
            if   sys.argv[i][:2] == "-d": debug ^= 1
            elif sys.argv[i][:2] == "-v": verbose ^= 1
            elif sys.argv[i][:2] == "-i": (skip,infile)  = NextArg(i)
            elif sys.argv[i][:2] == "-o": (skip,outfile) = NextArg(i)
            elif sys.argv[i][:2] == "-h": HelpAndExit()
            elif sys.argv[i][:1] == "-":  Fatal("'%s' unknown argument" % sys.argv[i])
            else:                         Fatal("'%s' unexpected" % sys.argv[i])
        else: skip = 0

    print("Number 1 = %d" % n1)
    print("Number 2 = %d" % n2)
    print("Number 3 = %d" % n3)
    print("Debug    = %d" % debug)
    print("verbose  = %d" % verbose)
    print("infile   = %s" % infile)
    print("outfile  = %s" % outfile)