I think the key point in favor of Fortran is that it is a language slightly more suited for expressing vector- and array-based math. The pointer analysis issue pointed out above is real in practice, since portable code cannot really assume that you can tell a compiler something. There is ALWAYS an advantage to expression computaitons in a manner closer to how the domain looks. C does not really have arrays at all, if you look closely, just something that kind of behaves like it. Fortran has real arrawys. Which makes it easier to compile for certain types of algorithms especially for parallel machines.

在运行时系统和调用约定等方面，C语言和现代的Fortran非常相似，很难看出有什么不同。注意，这里的C实际上是基础C: c++是一个完全不同的问题，具有非常不同的性能特征。

大多数帖子已经提出了令人信服的论点，所以我只是在另一个方面加上众所周知的2美分。

在处理能力方面，fortran更快或更慢是有其重要性的，但如果用fortran开发一些东西需要5倍多的时间，因为:

it lacks any good library for tasks different from pure number crunching it lack any decent tool for documentation and unit testing it's a language with very low expressivity, skyrocketing the number of lines of code. it has a very poor handling of strings it has an inane amount of issues among different compilers and architectures driving you crazy. it has a very poor IO strategy (READ/WRITE of sequential files. Yes, random access files exist but did you ever see them used?) it does not encourage good development practices, modularization. effective lack of a fully standard, fully compliant opensource compiler (both gfortran and g95 do not support everything) very poor interoperability with C (mangling: one underscore, two underscores, no underscore, in general one underscore but two if there's another underscore. and just let not delve into COMMON blocks...)

那么这个问题就无关紧要了。如果某样东西很慢，大多数时候你无法在给定的限制范围内改进它。如果你想要更快，改变算法。最后，使用电脑的时间很便宜。人类的时间不是。珍惜减少人类时间的选择。如果它增加了使用电脑的时间，无论如何它都是有成本效益的。

在某种程度上，Fortran在设计时就考虑到了编译器优化。该语言支持整个数组操作，编译器可以利用并行性(特别是在多核处理器上)。例如,

密集矩阵乘法很简单:

matmul(a,b)

向量x的L2范数为:

sqrt(sum(x**2))

此外，FORALL、PURE和ELEMENTAL程序等语句进一步有助于优化代码。由于这个简单的原因，即使是Fortran中的指针也不如C语言灵活。

即将发布的Fortran标准(2008)具有协同数组，允许您轻松地编写并行代码。G95(开源)和来自CRAY的编译器已经支持它。

所以是的，Fortran可以很快，因为编译器可以比C/ c++更好地优化/并行化。但是就像生活中的其他事情一样，有好的编译器和坏的编译器。

简单快捷: 这两种语言同样快，但Fortran更简单。 到底哪个更快取决于算法，但无论如何，速度上没有很大的差别。这是我2015年在德国斯图加德高性能计算中心的Fortran研讨会上所学到的。我同时使用Fortran和C语言，我也有同样的观点。

解释:

C语言是用来编写操作系统的。因此，它拥有编写高性能代码所需的更多自由。一般来说，这是没有问题的，但是如果一个人不仔细编程，他很容易减慢代码的速度。

Fortran是为科学编程而设计的。因此，它支持编写语法方面的快速代码，因为这是Fortran的主要目的。与公众的看法相反，Fortran并不是一种过时的编程语言。它的最新标准是2010年，新的编译器定期发布，因为大多数高性能代码都是用Fortran编写的。Fortran进一步支持现代功能，如编译器指令(在C语言中)。

例子: 我们想给一个大的结构体作为函数的输入参数(fortran: suboutine)。在函数中，参数不会被改变。

C同时支持引用调用和值调用，这是一个非常方便的特性。在我们的例子中，程序员可能会意外地使用按值调用。这大大降低了速度，因为需要首先将结构体复制到内存中。

Fortran只使用引用调用，这迫使程序员手动复制结构，如果他真的想要按值调用操作。在我们的例子中，通过引用调用，fortran将自动和C版本一样快。

Fortran traditionally doesn't set options such as -fp:strict (which ifort requires to enable some of the features in USE IEEE_arithmetic, a part of f2003 standard). Intel C++ also doesn't set -fp:strict as a default, but that is required for ERRNO handling, for example, and other C++ compilers don't make it convenient to turn off ERRNO or gain optimizations such as simd reduction. gcc and g++ have required me to set up Makefile to avoid using the dangerous combination -O3 -ffast-math -fopenmp -march=native. Other than these issues, this question about relative performance gets more nit-picky and dependent on local rules about choice of compilers and options.

Fortran速度更快有几个原因。然而，它们的重要性是如此无关紧要，或者可以通过任何方式解决，所以它不应该是重要的。现在使用Fortran的主要原因是维护或扩展遗留应用程序。

PURE and ELEMENTAL keywords on functions. These are functions that have no side effects. This allows optimizations in certain cases where the compiler knows the same function will be called with the same values. Note: GCC implements "pure" as an extension to the language. Other compilers may as well. Inter-module analysis can also perform this optimization but it is difficult. standard set of functions that deal with arrays, not individual elements. Stuff like sin(), log(), sqrt() take arrays instead of scalars. This makes it easier to optimize the routine. Auto-vectorization gives the same benefits in most cases if these functions are inline or builtins Builtin complex type. In theory this could allow the compiler to reorder or eliminate certain instructions in certain cases, but likely you'd see the same benefit with the struct { double re; double im; }; idiom used in C. It makes for faster development though as operators work on complex types in Fortran.