Fortran有更好的I/O例程，例如隐含的do工具提供了C标准库无法比拟的灵活性。

Fortran编译器直接处理更复杂的 涉及到语法，而且这样的语法不能轻易简化 参数传递形式，C不能有效地实现它。

I was doing some extensive mathematics with FORTRAN and C for a couple of years. From my own experience I can tell that FORTRAN is sometimes really better than C but not for its speed (one can make C perform as fast as FORTRAN by using appropriate coding style) but rather because of very well optimized libraries like LAPACK (which can, however, be called from C code as well, either linking against LAPACK directly or using the LAPACKE interface for C), and because of great parallelization. On my opinion, FORTRAN is really awkward to work with, and its advantages are not good enough to cancel that drawback, so now I am using C+GSL to do calculations.

没有一种语言比另一种语言更快，所以正确的答案是否定的。

你真正要问的是“用Fortran编译器X编译的代码是否比用C编译器Y编译的等效代码更快?”这个问题的答案当然取决于您选择哪两个编译器。

人们可能会问的另一个问题是“考虑到在他们的编译器中优化投入了相同的精力，哪个编译器会生成更快的代码?” 这个问题的答案实际上是Fortran。Fortran编译器有一些优势:

Fortran had to compete with Assembly back in the day when some vowed never to use compilers, so it was designed for speed. C was designed to be flexible. Fortran's niche has been number crunching. In this domain code is never fast enough. So there's always been a lot of pressure to keep the language efficient. Most of the research in compiler optimizations is done by people interested in speeding up Fortran number crunching code, so optimizing Fortran code is a much better known problem than optimizing any other compiled language, and new innovations show up in Fortran compilers first. Biggie: C encourages much more pointer use than Fortran. This drasticly increases the potential scope of any data item in a C program, which makes them far harder to optimize. Note that Ada is also way better than C in this realm, and is a much more modern OO Language than the commonly found Fortran77. If you want an OO langauge that can generate faster code than C, this is an option for you. Due again to its number-crunching niche, the customers of Fortran compilers tend to care more about optimization than the customers of C compilers.

然而，没有什么能阻止人们在C编译器的优化上投入大量精力，并使其生成比他们平台的Fortran编译器更好的代码。事实上，C编译器产生的较大销售额使得这种情况非常可行

简单快捷: 这两种语言同样快，但Fortran更简单。 到底哪个更快取决于算法，但无论如何，速度上没有很大的差别。这是我2015年在德国斯图加德高性能计算中心的Fortran研讨会上所学到的。我同时使用Fortran和C语言，我也有同样的观点。

解释:

C语言是用来编写操作系统的。因此，它拥有编写高性能代码所需的更多自由。一般来说，这是没有问题的，但是如果一个人不仔细编程，他很容易减慢代码的速度。

Fortran是为科学编程而设计的。因此，它支持编写语法方面的快速代码，因为这是Fortran的主要目的。与公众的看法相反，Fortran并不是一种过时的编程语言。它的最新标准是2010年，新的编译器定期发布，因为大多数高性能代码都是用Fortran编写的。Fortran进一步支持现代功能，如编译器指令(在C语言中)。

例子: 我们想给一个大的结构体作为函数的输入参数(fortran: suboutine)。在函数中，参数不会被改变。

C同时支持引用调用和值调用，这是一个非常方便的特性。在我们的例子中，程序员可能会意外地使用按值调用。这大大降低了速度，因为需要首先将结构体复制到内存中。

Fortran只使用引用调用，这迫使程序员手动复制结构，如果他真的想要按值调用操作。在我们的例子中，通过引用调用，fortran将自动和C版本一样快。

一般来说，FORTRAN比C慢。C可以使用硬件级指针，允许程序员手动优化。FORTRAN(在大多数情况下)不能访问硬件内存寻址黑客。(VAX FORTRAN是另一回事。)我从70年代开始断断续续地使用FORTRAN。(真的)。

然而，从90年代开始，FORTRAN已经发展到包括特定的语言结构，可以优化成内在的并行算法，真正可以在多核处理器上运行。例如，自动矢量化允许多个处理器同时处理数据向量中的每个元素。16个处理器——16个元素向量——处理需要1/16的时间。

在C语言中，您必须管理自己的线程并为多处理仔细设计算法，然后使用一堆API调用来确保并行性正确发生。

在FORTRAN中，您只需要为多处理仔细设计算法。编译器和运行时可以为您处理其余的工作。

您可以阅读一些关于高性能Fortran的内容，但是您会发现许多死链接。你最好阅读并行编程(比如OpenMP.org)以及FORTRAN如何支持并行编程。

The faster code is not really up to the language, is the compiler so you can see the ms-vb "compiler" that generates bloated, slower and redundant object code that is tied together inside an ".exe", but powerBasic generates too way better code. Object code made by a C and C++ compilers is generated in some phases (at least 2) but by design most Fortran compilers have at least 5 phases including high-level optimizations so by design Fortran will always have the capability to generate highly optimized code. So at the end is the compiler not the language you should ask for, the best compiler i know is the Intel Fortran Compiler because you can get it on LINUX and Windows and you can use VS as the IDE, if you're looking for a cheap tigh compiler you can always relay on OpenWatcom.

更多信息: http://ed-thelen.org/1401Project/1401-IBM-Systems-Journal-FORTRAN.html