我决定不使用标准的按钮图像视图，因为所提出的移动它的解决方案感觉很俗气。这让我获得了想要的美感，并且通过改变约束来重新定位按钮是很直观的:

extension UIButton {
    func addRightIcon(image: UIImage) {
        let imageView = UIImageView(image: image)
        imageView.translatesAutoresizingMaskIntoConstraints = false

        addSubview(imageView)

        let length = CGFloat(15)
        titleEdgeInsets.right += length

        NSLayoutConstraint.activate([
            imageView.leadingAnchor.constraint(equalTo: self.titleLabel!.trailingAnchor, constant: 10),
            imageView.centerYAnchor.constraint(equalTo: self.titleLabel!.centerYAnchor, constant: 0),
            imageView.widthAnchor.constraint(equalToConstant: length),
            imageView.heightAnchor.constraint(equalToConstant: length)
        ])
    }
}

斯威夫特3:

open override func imageRect(forContentRect contentRect: CGRect) -> CGRect {
    var frame = super.imageRect(forContentRect: contentRect)
    let  imageWidth = frame.size.width
    var titleRect = CGRect.zero
    titleRect.size = self.title(for: self.state)!.size(attributes: [NSFontAttributeName: self.titleLabel!.font])
    titleRect.origin.x = (self.frame.size.width - (titleRect.size.width + imageWidth)) / 2.0 + self.titleEdgeInsets.left - self.titleEdgeInsets.right;
    frame.origin.x = titleRect.origin.x + titleRect.size.width - self.imageEdgeInsets.right + self.imageEdgeInsets.left;
    return frame
}

open override func titleRect(forContentRect contentRect: CGRect) -> CGRect {
    var frame = super.titleRect(forContentRect: contentRect)
    if let imageWidth = self.image(for: self.state)?.size.width {
        frame.origin.x = (self.frame.size.width - (frame.size.width + imageWidth)) / 2.0 + self.titleEdgeInsets.left - self.titleEdgeInsets.right;
    }
    return frame
}

我把功劳都给了inspirre48。基于他的建议和其他问题，我想出了这个。子类UIButton并重写这些方法。

@implementation UIButtonSubclass

- (CGRect)imageRectForContentRect:(CGRect)contentRect
{
    CGRect frame = [super imageRectForContentRect:contentRect];
    frame.origin.x = CGRectGetMaxX(contentRect) - CGRectGetWidth(frame) -  self.imageEdgeInsets.right + self.imageEdgeInsets.left;
    return frame;
}

- (CGRect)titleRectForContentRect:(CGRect)contentRect
{
    CGRect frame = [super titleRectForContentRect:contentRect];
    frame.origin.x = CGRectGetMinX(frame) - CGRectGetWidth([self imageRectForContentRect:contentRect]);
    return frame;
}

@end

扩展的方法

使用扩展设置图像右侧自定义偏移

   extension UIButton {
    func addRightImage(image: UIImage, offset: CGFloat) {
        self.setImage(image, for: .normal)
        self.imageView?.translatesAutoresizingMaskIntoConstraints = false
        self.imageView?.centerYAnchor.constraint(equalTo: self.centerYAnchor, constant: 0.0).isActive = true
        self.imageView?.trailingAnchor.constraint(equalTo: self.trailingAnchor, constant: -offset).isActive = true
    }
}

在尝试了互联网上的多种解决方案后，我没有达到确切的要求。所以我最终编写了自定义实用程序代码。在将来帮助别人。 在swift 4.2上测试

// This function should be called in/after viewDidAppear to let view render
    func addArrowImageToButton(button: UIButton, arrowImage:UIImage = #imageLiteral(resourceName: "my_image_name") ) {
        let btnSize:CGFloat = 32
        let imageView = UIImageView(image: arrowImage)
        let btnFrame = button.frame
        imageView.frame = CGRect(x: btnFrame.width-btnSize-8, y: btnFrame.height/2 - btnSize/2, width: btnSize, height: btnSize)
        button.addSubview(imageView)
        //Imageview on Top of View
        button.bringSubviewToFront(imageView)
    }

这里提到的解决方案停止工作，一旦我启用自动布局。我不得不提出我自己的想法:

子类UIButton和覆盖layoutSubviews方法:

//
//  MIThemeButtonImageAtRight.m
//  Created by Lukasz Margielewski on 7/9/13.
//

#import "MIThemeButtonImageAtRight.h"

static CGRect CGRectByApplyingUIEdgeInsets(CGRect frame, UIEdgeInsets insets);

@implementation MIThemeButtonImageAtRight

- (void)layoutSubviews
{
    [super layoutSubviews];

    CGRect contentFrame = CGRectByApplyingUIEdgeInsets(self.bounds, self.contentEdgeInsets);

    CGRect frameIcon = self.imageView.frame;
    CGRect frameText = self.titleLabel.frame;

    frameText.origin.x = CGRectGetMinX(contentFrame) + self.titleEdgeInsets.left;
    frameIcon.origin.x = CGRectGetMaxX(contentFrame) - CGRectGetWidth(frameIcon);

    self.imageView.frame = frameIcon;
    self.titleLabel.frame = frameText;
}

@end

static CGRect CGRectByApplyingUIEdgeInsets(CGRect frame, UIEdgeInsets insets){

    CGRect f = frame;

    f.origin.x += insets.left;
    f.size.width -= (insets.left + insets.right);
    f.origin.y += (insets.top);
    f.size.height -= (insets.top + insets.bottom);

    return f;

}

结果: