这里似乎有很多旧的答案，所以我只是想发布Swift团队的官方回应。Swift向后兼容OS X Mavericks和iOS 7

苹果开发者swift博客:Objective-C id为swift Any

2014年7月11日

兼容性

我们在WWDC上听到的最常见的问题之一是，“Swift的兼容性故事是什么?”这似乎是一个很好的第一个话题。

App Compatibility Simply put, if you write a Swift app today and submit it to the App Store this Fall when iOS 8 and OS X Yosemite are released, you can trust that your app will work well into the future. In fact, you can target back to OS X Mavericks or iOS 7 with that same app. This is possible because Xcode embeds a small Swift runtime library within your app’s bundle. Because the library is embedded, your app uses a consistent version of Swift that runs on past, present, and future OS releases.

快速更新，从2015年2月15日起生效，我们不能将使用iOS 8之前的SDK开发的应用程序提交到应用商店。所以，记住这一点，最好不要担心这个问题，因为许多人都建议用Swift开发的应用程序也可以部署在OS X 10.9和iOS 7.0上。

我刚刚为你测试了一下，Swift应用程序编译成标准二进制文件，可以在OS X 10.9和iOS 7上运行。

简单的Swift应用程序用于测试:

func application(application: UIApplication, didFinishLaunchingWithOptions launchOptions: NSDictionary?) -> Bool {
    self.window = UIWindow(frame: UIScreen.mainScreen().bounds)

    var controller = UIViewController()
    var view = UIView(frame: CGRectMake(0, 0, 320, 568))
    view.backgroundColor = UIColor.redColor()
    controller.view = view

    var label = UILabel(frame: CGRectMake(0, 0, 200, 21))
    label.center = CGPointMake(160, 284)
    label.textAlignment = NSTextAlignment.Center
    label.text = "I'am a test label"
    controller.view.addSubview(label)

    self.window!.rootViewController = controller
    self.window!.makeKeyAndVisible()
    return true
}

由Leandros发布的回答代码片段似乎有点过时。我已经修复并使其在Swift 5中可编译。

斯威夫特5

func application(application: UIApplication, didFinishLaunchingWithOptions launchOptions: NSDictionary?) -> Bool {
    self.window = UIWindow(frame: UIScreen.main.bounds)
    let controller = UIViewController()
    let view = UIView(frame: CGRect(x: 0, y: 0, width: 320, height: 568))
    view.backgroundColor = UIColor.red
    controller.view = view

    let label = UILabel(frame: CGRect(x: 0, y: 0, width: 200, height: 21))
    label.center = CGPoint(x: 160, y: 284)
    label.textAlignment = NSTextAlignment.center
    label.text = "I'am a test label"
    controller.view.addSubview(label)

    self.window!.rootViewController = controller
    self.window!.makeKeyAndVisible()
    return true
}

我在iPod Touch(第三代)设备上测试了一个基于swift的基本应用程序。基于swift的应用程序似乎无法在iOS 5上运行。但是在iOS 6.x上运行。

下面是我试图在iOS 5.0.1下启动测试应用程序时，调试日志中显示的内容:

dyld: F_ADDFILESIGS failed for /private/var/mobile/Applications/59E31E79-9525-43B0-9DF6-8FEF3C0080F1/SwiftTestApp.app/Frameworks/libswift_stdlib_core.dylib with errno=1
dyld: F_ADDFILESIGS failed for /private/var/mobile/Applications/59E31E79-9525-43B0-9DF6-8FEF3C0080F1/SwiftTestApp.app/Frameworks/libswiftCoreGraphics.dylib with errno=1
dyld: F_ADDFILESIGS failed for /private/var/mobile/Applications/59E31E79-9525-43B0-9DF6-8FEF3C0080F1/SwiftTestApp.app/Frameworks/libswiftDarwin.dylib with errno=1
dyld: F_ADDFILESIGS failed for /private/var/mobile/Applications/59E31E79-9525-43B0-9DF6-8FEF3C0080F1/SwiftTestApp.app/Frameworks/libswiftDispatch.dylib with errno=1
dyld: F_ADDFILESIGS failed for /private/var/mobile/Applications/59E31E79-9525-43B0-9DF6-8FEF3C0080F1/SwiftTestApp.app/Frameworks/libswiftFoundation.dylib with errno=1
dyld: F_ADDFILESIGS failed for /private/var/mobile/Applications/59E31E79-9525-43B0-9DF6-8FEF3C0080F1/SwiftTestApp.app/Frameworks/libswiftObjectiveC.dylib with errno=1
dyld: F_ADDFILESIGS failed for /private/var/mobile/Applications/59E31E79-9525-43B0-9DF6-8FEF3C0080F1/SwiftTestApp.app/Frameworks/libswiftUIKit.dylib with errno=1
dyld: Symbol not found: _OBJC_CLASS_$_NSObject
  Referenced from: /private/var/mobile/Applications/59E31E79-9525-43B0-9DF6-8FEF3C0080F1/SwiftTestApp.app/Frameworks/libswift_stdlib_core.dylib
  Expected in: /usr/lib/libobjc.A.dylib
 in /private/var/mobile/Applications/59E31E79-9525-43B0-9DF6-8FEF3C0080F1/SwiftTestApp.app/Frameworks/libswift_stdlib_core.dylib

对于iOS 6.1.6，应用程序运行良好，没有显示这些错误消息。

正如Beta 4发布说明所述，Swift应用程序支持iOS 7及以上版本。iOS 6.0, 6.1, 7.0, 7.1, 8.0在Xcode 6 Beta

Swift应用程序支持OS X 10.9及以上平台。“部署目标”中的OS X 10.4 ~ 10.10。我已经在目标10.5到10.10上进行了测试，并在10.9.3上运行