这里似乎有很多旧的答案，所以我只是想发布Swift团队的官方回应。Swift向后兼容OS X Mavericks和iOS 7

苹果开发者swift博客:Objective-C id为swift Any

2014年7月11日

兼容性

我们在WWDC上听到的最常见的问题之一是，“Swift的兼容性故事是什么?”这似乎是一个很好的第一个话题。

App Compatibility Simply put, if you write a Swift app today and submit it to the App Store this Fall when iOS 8 and OS X Yosemite are released, you can trust that your app will work well into the future. In fact, you can target back to OS X Mavericks or iOS 7 with that same app. This is possible because Xcode embeds a small Swift runtime library within your app’s bundle. Because the library is embedded, your app uses a consistent version of Swift that runs on past, present, and future OS releases.

Swift使用与Objective-C相同的运行时，甚至可以在同一个应用程序中与Objective-C共存(根据WWDC 2014的主题)。

这将需要使用Xcode 6和新的SDK进行检查/验证，以找到最终答案。

苹果公司宣布Swift应用程序将向后兼容iOS 7和OS X Mavericks。WWDC应用程序是用Swift编写的。

Swift应用程序似乎不能在OS X 10.7上运行。我刚刚创建了一个简单的GUI应用程序(一个视图、一个标签、一个按钮)，它在Mavericks上运行良好。基本SDK设置为10.9，部署目标设置为10.7。我把这个应用程序从DerivedData文件夹复制到我的10.7虚拟机，它在启动时崩溃了，显示这个错误:

Crashed Thread:  0

Exception Type:  EXC_BREAKPOINT (SIGTRAP)
Exception Codes: 0x0000000000000002, 0x0000000000000000

Application Specific Information:
dyld: launch, loading dependent libraries

    Dyld Error Message:

  Library not loaded: /System/Library/Frameworks/CoreGraphics.framework/Versions/A/CoreGraphics
  Referenced from: /Users/USER/Desktop/Swift-Test.app/Contents/MacOS/../Frameworks/libswiftAppKit.dylib
  Reason: image not found

Binary Images:
       0x109c65000 -        0x109c6afff +private.Swift-Test (1.0 - 1) <649695D0-58FD-3D02-9176-2D40D4E711F2> /Users/USER/Desktop/Swift-Test.app/Contents/MacOS/Swift-Test
       0x109c83000 -        0x109dbffff +libswift_stdlib_core.dylib (1.0 - 600.0.34.4.5) <10AAC369-9404-321D-A892-49F65856D7AF> /Users/USER/Desktop/Swift-Test.app/Contents/Frameworks/libswift_stdlib_core.dylib
...

然而，这个消息是令人恼火的，因为在这个VM中肯定有一个CoreGraphics库。其他大量使用CoreGraphics的应用程序也可以正常工作。

试试下面的代码:

它在没有StoryBoard的情况下工作:

func application(application: UIApplication, didFinishLaunchingWithOptions launchOptions: NSDictionary?) -> Bool {
    self.window = UIWindow(frame: UIScreen.mainScreen().bounds)
    self.window!.backgroundColor = UIColor.whiteColor()

    // Create a nav/vc pair using the custom ViewController class

    let nav = UINavigationController()
    let vc = ViewController(nibName: "ViewController", bundle: nil)

    // Push the vc onto the nav
    nav.pushViewController(vc, animated: false)

    // Set the window’s root view controller
    self.window!.rootViewController = nav

    // Present the window
    self.window!.makeKeyAndVisible()
    return true
}

我在iPod Touch(第三代)设备上测试了一个基于swift的基本应用程序。基于swift的应用程序似乎无法在iOS 5上运行。但是在iOS 6.x上运行。

下面是我试图在iOS 5.0.1下启动测试应用程序时，调试日志中显示的内容:

dyld: F_ADDFILESIGS failed for /private/var/mobile/Applications/59E31E79-9525-43B0-9DF6-8FEF3C0080F1/SwiftTestApp.app/Frameworks/libswift_stdlib_core.dylib with errno=1
dyld: F_ADDFILESIGS failed for /private/var/mobile/Applications/59E31E79-9525-43B0-9DF6-8FEF3C0080F1/SwiftTestApp.app/Frameworks/libswiftCoreGraphics.dylib with errno=1
dyld: F_ADDFILESIGS failed for /private/var/mobile/Applications/59E31E79-9525-43B0-9DF6-8FEF3C0080F1/SwiftTestApp.app/Frameworks/libswiftDarwin.dylib with errno=1
dyld: F_ADDFILESIGS failed for /private/var/mobile/Applications/59E31E79-9525-43B0-9DF6-8FEF3C0080F1/SwiftTestApp.app/Frameworks/libswiftDispatch.dylib with errno=1
dyld: F_ADDFILESIGS failed for /private/var/mobile/Applications/59E31E79-9525-43B0-9DF6-8FEF3C0080F1/SwiftTestApp.app/Frameworks/libswiftFoundation.dylib with errno=1
dyld: F_ADDFILESIGS failed for /private/var/mobile/Applications/59E31E79-9525-43B0-9DF6-8FEF3C0080F1/SwiftTestApp.app/Frameworks/libswiftObjectiveC.dylib with errno=1
dyld: F_ADDFILESIGS failed for /private/var/mobile/Applications/59E31E79-9525-43B0-9DF6-8FEF3C0080F1/SwiftTestApp.app/Frameworks/libswiftUIKit.dylib with errno=1
dyld: Symbol not found: _OBJC_CLASS_$_NSObject
  Referenced from: /private/var/mobile/Applications/59E31E79-9525-43B0-9DF6-8FEF3C0080F1/SwiftTestApp.app/Frameworks/libswift_stdlib_core.dylib
  Expected in: /usr/lib/libobjc.A.dylib
 in /private/var/mobile/Applications/59E31E79-9525-43B0-9DF6-8FEF3C0080F1/SwiftTestApp.app/Frameworks/libswift_stdlib_core.dylib

对于iOS 6.1.6，应用程序运行良好，没有显示这些错误消息。