我知道如何创建一个有String参数并返回int的方法的引用,它是:
Function<String, Integer>
然而,如果函数抛出异常,比如它被定义为:
Integer myMethod(String s) throws IOException
我该如何定义这个引用呢?
我知道如何创建一个有String参数并返回int的方法的引用,它是:
Function<String, Integer>
然而,如果函数抛出异常,比如它被定义为:
Integer myMethod(String s) throws IOException
我该如何定义这个引用呢?
当前回答
Sneaky throw成语允许绕过Lambda表达式的CheckedException。将CheckedException包装在RuntimeException中不利于严格的错误处理。
它可以用作Java集合中使用的Consumer函数。
下面是jib答案的一个简单改进版本。
import static Throwing.rethrow;
@Test
public void testRethrow() {
thrown.expect(IOException.class);
thrown.expectMessage("i=3");
Arrays.asList(1, 2, 3).forEach(rethrow(e -> {
int i = e.intValue();
if (i == 3) {
throw new IOException("i=" + i);
}
}));
}
这只是在重新抛出中包装lambda。它使CheckedException重新抛出在lambda中抛出的任何异常。
public final class Throwing {
private Throwing() {}
@Nonnull
public static <T> Consumer<T> rethrow(@Nonnull final ThrowingConsumer<T> consumer) {
return consumer;
}
/**
* The compiler sees the signature with the throws T inferred to a RuntimeException type, so it
* allows the unchecked exception to propagate.
*
* http://www.baeldung.com/java-sneaky-throws
*/
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
@Nonnull
public static <E extends Throwable> void sneakyThrow(@Nonnull Throwable ex) throws E {
throw (E) ex;
}
}
在这里找到完整的代码和单元测试。
其他回答
这并不是Java 8所特有的。你正在尝试编译一些等价的东西:
interface I {
void m();
}
class C implements I {
public void m() throws Exception {} //can't compile
}
public void frankTest() {
int pageId= -1;
List<Book> users= null;
try {
//Does Not Compile: Object page=DatabaseConnection.getSpringConnection().queryForObject("SELECT * FROM bookmark_page", (rw, n) -> new Portal(rw.getInt("id"), "", users.parallelStream().filter(uu -> uu.getVbid() == rw.getString("user_id")).findFirst().get(), rw.getString("name")));
//Compiles:
Object page= DatabaseConnection.getSpringConnection().queryForObject("SELECT * FROM bookmark_page", (rw, n) -> {
try {
final Book bk= users.stream().filter(bp -> {
String name= null;
try {
name = rw.getString("name");
} catch (Exception e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}
return bp.getTitle().equals(name);
}).limit(1).collect(Collectors.toList()).get(0);
} catch (Exception e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}
return new Portal(rw.getInt("id"), "", users.get(0), rw.getString("name"));
} );
} catch (Exception e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
如果你有lombok,你可以用@SneakyThrows注释你的方法
SneakyThrow不会静默地吞咽、包装到RuntimeException中,或以其他方式修改所列出的检查异常类型的任何异常。JVM不检查被检查异常系统的一致性;Javac可以,而且这个注释允许您选择不使用它的机制。
https://projectlombok.org/features/SneakyThrows
然而,你可以创建自己的FunctionalInterface,抛出如下..
@FunctionalInterface
public interface UseInstance<T, X extends Throwable> {
void accept(T instance) throws X;
}
然后使用Lambdas或引用实现它,如下所示。
import java.io.FileWriter;
import java.io.IOException;
//lambda expressions and the execute around method (EAM) pattern to
//manage resources
public class FileWriterEAM {
private final FileWriter writer;
private FileWriterEAM(final String fileName) throws IOException {
writer = new FileWriter(fileName);
}
private void close() throws IOException {
System.out.println("close called automatically...");
writer.close();
}
public void writeStuff(final String message) throws IOException {
writer.write(message);
}
//...
public static void use(final String fileName, final UseInstance<FileWriterEAM, IOException> block) throws IOException {
final FileWriterEAM writerEAM = new FileWriterEAM(fileName);
try {
block.accept(writerEAM);
} finally {
writerEAM.close();
}
}
public static void main(final String[] args) throws IOException {
FileWriterEAM.use("eam.txt", writerEAM -> writerEAM.writeStuff("sweet"));
FileWriterEAM.use("eam2.txt", writerEAM -> {
writerEAM.writeStuff("how");
writerEAM.writeStuff("sweet");
});
FileWriterEAM.use("eam3.txt", FileWriterEAM::writeIt);
}
void writeIt() throws IOException{
this.writeStuff("How ");
this.writeStuff("sweet ");
this.writeStuff("it is");
}
}
实际上,您可以使用一个处理异常的新接口来扩展Consumer(和Function等)——使用Java 8的默认方法!
考虑这个接口(扩展Consumer):
@FunctionalInterface
public interface ThrowingConsumer<T> extends Consumer<T> {
@Override
default void accept(final T elem) {
try {
acceptThrows(elem);
} catch (final Exception e) {
// Implement your own exception handling logic here..
// For example:
System.out.println("handling an exception...");
// Or ...
throw new RuntimeException(e);
}
}
void acceptThrows(T elem) throws Exception;
}
然后,例如,如果你有一个列表:
final List<String> list = Arrays.asList("A", "B", "C");
如果你想消费它(例如。使用forEach)和一些抛出异常的代码,你通常会设置一个try/catch块:
final Consumer<String> consumer = aps -> {
try {
// maybe some other code here...
throw new Exception("asdas");
} catch (final Exception ex) {
System.out.println("handling an exception...");
}
};
list.forEach(consumer);
但是有了这个新接口,你可以用lambda表达式实例化它,编译器不会报错:
final ThrowingConsumer<String> throwingConsumer = aps -> {
// maybe some other code here...
throw new Exception("asdas");
};
list.forEach(throwingConsumer);
或者甚至只是转换它更简洁!:
list.forEach((ThrowingConsumer<String>) aps -> {
// maybe some other code here...
throw new Exception("asda");
});
更新
看起来榴莲有一个非常好的实用程序库,叫做Errors,可以用来解决这个问题,具有更大的灵活性。例如,在上面的实现中,我显式地定义了错误处理策略(System.out…或者抛出RuntimeException),而Durian的Errors允许您通过一套大型实用程序方法动态应用策略。感谢分享,@NedTwigg!
示例用法:
list.forEach(Errors.rethrow().wrap(c -> somethingThatThrows(c)));