创建一个自定义返回类型，该类型将传播已检查的异常。这是创建一个新接口的替代方案，该新接口映射现有的函数接口，只需在函数接口的方法上稍微修改一个“抛出异常”。

定义

CheckedValueSupplier

public static interface CheckedValueSupplier<V> {
    public V get () throws Exception;
}

CheckedValue

public class CheckedValue<V> {
    private final V v;
    private final Optional<Exception> opt;

    public Value (V v) {
        this.v = v;
    }

    public Value (Exception e) {
        this.opt = Optional.of(e);
    }

    public V get () throws Exception {
        if (opt.isPresent()) {
            throw opt.get();
        }
        return v;
    }

    public Optional<Exception> getException () {
        return opt;
    }

    public static <T> CheckedValue<T> returns (T t) {
        return new CheckedValue<T>(t);
    }

    public static <T> CheckedValue<T> rethrows (Exception e) {
        return new CheckedValue<T>(e);
    }

    public static <V> CheckedValue<V> from (CheckedValueSupplier<V> sup) {
        try {
            return CheckedValue.returns(sup.get());
        } catch (Exception e) {
            return Result.rethrows(e);
        }
    }

    public static <V> CheckedValue<V> escalates (CheckedValueSupplier<V> sup) {
        try {
            return CheckedValue.returns(sup.get());
        } catch (Exception e) {
            throw new RuntimeException(e);
        }
    }

}

使用

//  Don't use this pattern with FileReader, it's meant to be an
//  example.  FileReader is a Closeable resource and as such should
//  be managed in a try-with-resources block or in another safe
//  manner that will make sure it is closed properly.

//  This will not compile as the FileReader constructor throws
//  an IOException.
    Function<String, FileReader> sToFr =
        (fn) -> new FileReader(Paths.get(fn).toFile());

// Alternative, this will compile.
    Function<String, CheckedValue<FileReader>> sToFr = (fn) -> {
        return CheckedValue.from (
            () -> new FileReader(Paths.get("/home/" + f).toFile()));
    };

// Single record usage
    // The call to get() will propagate the checked exception if it exists.
    FileReader readMe = pToFr.apply("/home/README").get();


// List of records usage
    List<String> paths = ...; //a list of paths to files
    Collection<CheckedValue<FileReader>> frs =
        paths.stream().map(pToFr).collect(Collectors.toList());

// Find out if creation of a file reader failed.
    boolean anyErrors = frs.stream()
        .filter(f -> f.getException().isPresent())
        .findAny().isPresent();

这是怎么呢

创建一个抛出检查异常的功能接口(checkedvaluesprovider)。这将是唯一允许检查异常的功能接口。所有其他功能接口都将利用checkedvaluesprovider来包装抛出检查异常的任何代码。

CheckedValue类将保存抛出检查异常的任何逻辑的执行结果。这可以防止已检查异常的传播，直到代码试图访问CheckedValue实例所包含的值。

这种方法的问题。

我们现在抛出“异常”，有效地隐藏了最初抛出的特定类型。 在调用CheckedValue#get()之前，我们不知道发生了异常。

消费者等

一些功能接口(例如Consumer)必须以不同的方式处理，因为它们不提供返回值。

函数代替消费者

一种方法是使用函数而不是消费者，后者在处理流时应用。

    List<String> lst = Lists.newArrayList();
// won't compile
lst.stream().forEach(e -> throwyMethod(e));
// compiles
lst.stream()
    .map(e -> CheckedValueSupplier.from(
        () -> {throwyMethod(e); return e;}))
    .filter(v -> v.getException().isPresent()); //this example may not actually run due to lazy stream behavior

升级

或者，您总是可以升级为RuntimeException。还有其他的答案涵盖了从Consumer内部升级已检查异常。

不消费。

只需要避免所有的函数接口，并使用一个老式的for循环。

这并不是Java 8所特有的。你正在尝试编译一些等价的东西:

interface I {
    void m();
}
class C implements I {
    public void m() throws Exception {} //can't compile
}

如果你不介意使用第三方自由库(Vavr)，你可以写

CheckedFunction1<String, Integer> f = this::myMethod;

它也有所谓的Try单子来处理错误:

Try(() -> f.apply("test")) // results in a Success(Integer) or Failure(Throwable)
        .map(i -> ...) // only executed on Success
        ...

请在这里阅读更多。

声明:我是Vavr的创造者。

这个问题也一直困扰着我;这就是我创建这个项目的原因。

用它你可以做:

final ThrowingFunction<String, Integer> f = yourMethodReferenceHere;

JDK总共定义了39个接口，它们都有类似的抛出功能;这些都是流中使用的@ functionalinterface(基本流，还有IntStream, LongStream和DoubleStream)。

当它们中的每一个都扩展了它们的非抛出对应对象时，你也可以直接在lambdas中使用它们:

myStringStream.map(f) // <-- works

默认行为是，当您抛出lambda抛出一个检查异常时，抛出一个ThrownByLambdaException，并将检查异常作为原因。因此，您可以捕捉到它并得到原因。

其他特性也可用。

这里已经贴出了很多很棒的回复。只是试图用不同的角度来解决问题。这只是我的两毛钱，如果我哪里说错了，请指正。

在FunctionalInterface中抛出子句不是一个好主意

我认为强制抛出IOException可能不是一个好主意，原因如下

This looks to me like an anti-pattern to Stream/Lambda. The whole idea is that the caller will decide what code to provide and how to handle the exception. In many scenarios, the IOException might not be applicable for the client. For example, if the client is getting value from cache/memory instead of performing actual I/O. Also, the exceptions handling in streams becomes really hideous. For example, here is my code will look like if I use your API acceptMyMethod(s -> { try { Integer i = doSomeOperation(s); return i; } catch (IOException e) { // try catch block because of throws clause // in functional method, even though doSomeOperation // might not be throwing any exception at all. e.printStackTrace(); } return null; }); Ugly isn't it? Moreover, as I mentioned in my first point, that the doSomeOperation method may or may not be throwing IOException (depending on the implementation of the client/caller), but because of the throws clause in your FunctionalInterface method, I always have to write the try-catch.

如果我知道这个API抛出IOException怎么办

Then probably we are confusing FunctionalInterface with typical Interfaces. If you know this API will throw IOException, then most probably you also know some default/abstract behavior as well. I think you should define an interface and deploy your library (with default/abstract implementation) as follows public interface MyAmazingAPI { Integer myMethod(String s) throws IOException; } But, the try-catch problem still exists for the client. If I use your API in stream, I still need to handle IOException in hideous try-catch block. Provide a default stream-friendly API as follows public interface MyAmazingAPI { Integer myMethod(String s) throws IOException; default Optional<Integer> myMethod(String s, Consumer<? super Exception> exceptionConsumer) { try { return Optional.ofNullable(this.myMethod(s)); } catch (Exception e) { if (exceptionConsumer != null) { exceptionConsumer.accept(e); } else { e.printStackTrace(); } } return Optional.empty(); } } The default method takes the consumer object as argument, which will be responsible to handle the exception. Now, from client's point of view, the code will look like this strStream.map(str -> amazingAPIs.myMethod(str, Exception::printStackTrace)) .filter(Optional::isPresent) .map(Optional::get).collect(toList()); Nice right? Of course, logger or other handling logic could be used instead of Exception::printStackTrace. You can also expose a method similar to https://docs.oracle.com/javase/8/docs/api/java/util/concurrent/CompletableFuture.html#exceptionally-java.util.function.Function- . Meaning that you can expose another method, which will contain the exception from previous method call. The disadvantage is that you are now making your APIs stateful, which means that you need to handle thread-safety and which will be eventually become a performance hit. Just an option to consider though.

如果你有lombok，你可以用@SneakyThrows注释你的方法

SneakyThrow不会静默地吞咽、包装到RuntimeException中，或以其他方式修改所列出的检查异常类型的任何异常。JVM不检查被检查异常系统的一致性;Javac可以，而且这个注释允许您选择不使用它的机制。

https://projectlombok.org/features/SneakyThrows