我可以使用以下jQuery代码使用ajax请求的POST方法执行文件上载吗?

$.ajax({
    type: "POST",
    timeout: 50000,
    url: url,
    data: dataString,
    success: function (data) {
        alert('success');
        return false;
    }
});

如果可能,我需要填写数据部分吗?这是正确的方式吗?我只将文件POST到服务器端。

我一直在搜索,但我发现的是一个插件,而在我的计划中,我不想使用它。至少目前是这样。


当前回答

如许多答案所示,使用FormData是一种方法。这里有一些代码非常适合这个目的。我也同意嵌套ajax块以完成复杂环境的意见。通过包括e.PreventDefault();根据我的经验,使代码更易于跨浏览器兼容。

    $('#UploadB1').click(function(e){        
    e.preventDefault();

    if (!fileupload.valid()) {
        return false;            
    }

    var myformData = new FormData();        
    myformData.append('file', $('#uploadFile')[0].files[0]);

    $("#UpdateMessage5").html("Uploading file ....");
    $("#UpdateMessage5").css("background","url(../include/images/loaderIcon.gif) no-repeat right");

    myformData.append('mode', 'fileUpload');
    myformData.append('myid', $('#myid').val());
    myformData.append('type', $('#fileType').val());
    //formData.append('myfile', file, file.name); 

    $.ajax({
        url: 'include/fetch.php',
        method: 'post',
        processData: false,
        contentType: false,
        cache: false,
        data: myformData,
        enctype: 'multipart/form-data',
        success: function(response){
            $("#UpdateMessage5").html(response); //.delay(2000).hide(1); 
            $("#UpdateMessage5").css("background","");

            console.log("file successfully submitted");
        },error: function(){
            console.log("not okay");
        }
    });
});

其他回答

2019年更新:

html

<form class="fr" method='POST' enctype="multipart/form-data"> {% csrf_token %}
<textarea name='text'>
<input name='example_image'>
<button type="submit">
</form>

js

$(document).on('submit', '.fr', function(){

    $.ajax({ 
        type: 'post', 
        url: url, <--- you insert proper URL path to call your views.py function here.
        enctype: 'multipart/form-data',
        processData: false,
        contentType: false,
        data: new FormData(this) ,
        success: function(data) {
             console.log(data);
        }
        });
        return false;

    });

视图.py

form = ThisForm(request.POST, request.FILES)

if form.is_valid():
    text = form.cleaned_data.get("text")
    example_image = request.FILES['example_image']

通过ajax上传文件不再需要Iframes。我最近自己做过。查看以下页面:

使用AJAX和jQuery上传HTML5文件

http://dev.w3.org/2006/webapi/FileAPI/#FileReader-界面

更新了答案并进行了清理。使用getSize函数检查大小或使用getType函数检查类型。添加了progressbar html和css代码。

var Upload = function (file) {
    this.file = file;
};

Upload.prototype.getType = function() {
    return this.file.type;
};
Upload.prototype.getSize = function() {
    return this.file.size;
};
Upload.prototype.getName = function() {
    return this.file.name;
};
Upload.prototype.doUpload = function () {
    var that = this;
    var formData = new FormData();

    // add assoc key values, this will be posts values
    formData.append("file", this.file, this.getName());
    formData.append("upload_file", true);

    $.ajax({
        type: "POST",
        url: "script",
        xhr: function () {
            var myXhr = $.ajaxSettings.xhr();
            if (myXhr.upload) {
                myXhr.upload.addEventListener('progress', that.progressHandling, false);
            }
            return myXhr;
        },
        success: function (data) {
            // your callback here
        },
        error: function (error) {
            // handle error
        },
        async: true,
        data: formData,
        cache: false,
        contentType: false,
        processData: false,
        timeout: 60000
    });
};

Upload.prototype.progressHandling = function (event) {
    var percent = 0;
    var position = event.loaded || event.position;
    var total = event.total;
    var progress_bar_id = "#progress-wrp";
    if (event.lengthComputable) {
        percent = Math.ceil(position / total * 100);
    }
    // update progressbars classes so it fits your code
    $(progress_bar_id + " .progress-bar").css("width", +percent + "%");
    $(progress_bar_id + " .status").text(percent + "%");
};

如何使用Upload类

//Change id to your id
$("#ingredient_file").on("change", function (e) {
    var file = $(this)[0].files[0];
    var upload = new Upload(file);

    // maby check size or type here with upload.getSize() and upload.getType()

    // execute upload
    upload.doUpload();
});

Progressbar html代码

<div id="progress-wrp">
    <div class="progress-bar"></div>
    <div class="status">0%</div>
</div>

Progressbar css代码

#progress-wrp {
  border: 1px solid #0099CC;
  padding: 1px;
  position: relative;
  height: 30px;
  border-radius: 3px;
  margin: 10px;
  text-align: left;
  background: #fff;
  box-shadow: inset 1px 3px 6px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.12);
}

#progress-wrp .progress-bar {
  height: 100%;
  border-radius: 3px;
  background-color: #f39ac7;
  width: 0;
  box-shadow: inset 1px 1px 10px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.11);
}

#progress-wrp .status {
  top: 3px;
  left: 50%;
  position: absolute;
  display: inline-block;
  color: #000000;
}

在通过ajax从预览中删除不需要的文件后,我实现了一个即时预览和上传的多文件选择。

详细文档可在以下位置找到:http://anasthecoder.blogspot.ae/2014/12/multi-file-select-preview-without.html

演示:http://jsfiddle.net/anas/6v8Kz/7/embedded/result/

jsFiddle:http://jsfiddle.net/anas/6v8Kz/7/

Java脚本:

    $(document).ready(function(){
    $('form').submit(function(ev){
        $('.overlay').show();
        $(window).scrollTop(0);
        return upload_images_selected(ev, ev.target);
    })
})
function add_new_file_uploader(addBtn) {
    var currentRow = $(addBtn).parent().parent();
    var newRow = $(currentRow).clone();
    $(newRow).find('.previewImage, .imagePreviewTable').hide();
    $(newRow).find('.removeButton').show();
    $(newRow).find('table.imagePreviewTable').find('tr').remove();
    $(newRow).find('input.multipleImageFileInput').val('');
    $(addBtn).parent().parent().parent().append(newRow);
}

function remove_file_uploader(removeBtn) {
    $(removeBtn).parent().parent().remove();
}

function show_image_preview(file_selector) {
    //files selected using current file selector
    var files = file_selector.files;
    //Container of image previews
    var imageContainer = $(file_selector).next('table.imagePreviewTable');
    //Number of images selected
    var number_of_images = files.length;
    //Build image preview row
    var imagePreviewRow = $('<tr class="imagePreviewRow_0"><td valign=top style="width: 510px;"></td>' +
        '<td valign=top><input type="button" value="X" title="Remove Image" class="removeImageButton" imageIndex="0" onclick="remove_selected_image(this)" /></td>' +
        '</tr> ');
    //Add image preview row
    $(imageContainer).html(imagePreviewRow);
    if (number_of_images > 1) {
        for (var i =1; i<number_of_images; i++) {
            /**
             *Generate class name of the respective image container appending index of selected images, 
             *sothat we can match images selected and the one which is previewed
             */
            var newImagePreviewRow = $(imagePreviewRow).clone().removeClass('imagePreviewRow_0').addClass('imagePreviewRow_'+i);
            $(newImagePreviewRow).find('input[type="button"]').attr('imageIndex', i);
            $(imageContainer).append(newImagePreviewRow);
        }
    }
    for (var i = 0; i < files.length; i++) {
        var file = files[i];
        /**
         * Allow only images
         */
        var imageType = /image.*/;
        if (!file.type.match(imageType)) {
          continue;
        }

        /**
         * Create an image dom object dynamically
         */
        var img = document.createElement("img");

        /**
         * Get preview area of the image
         */
        var preview = $(imageContainer).find('tr.imagePreviewRow_'+i).find('td:first');

        /**
         * Append preview of selected image to the corresponding container
         */
        preview.append(img); 

        /**
         * Set style of appended preview(Can be done via css also)
         */
        preview.find('img').addClass('previewImage').css({'max-width': '500px', 'max-height': '500px'});

        /**
         * Initialize file reader
         */
        var reader = new FileReader();
        /**
         * Onload event of file reader assign target image to the preview
         */
        reader.onload = (function(aImg) { return function(e) { aImg.src = e.target.result; }; })(img);
        /**
         * Initiate read
         */
        reader.readAsDataURL(file);
    }
    /**
     * Show preview
     */
    $(imageContainer).show();
}

function remove_selected_image(close_button)
{
    /**
     * Remove this image from preview
     */
    var imageIndex = $(close_button).attr('imageindex');
    $(close_button).parents('.imagePreviewRow_' + imageIndex).remove();
}

function upload_images_selected(event, formObj)
{
    event.preventDefault();
    //Get number of images
    var imageCount = $('.previewImage').length;
    //Get all multi select inputs
    var fileInputs = document.querySelectorAll('.multipleImageFileInput');
    //Url where the image is to be uploaded
    var url= "/upload-directory/";
    //Get number of inputs
    var number_of_inputs = $(fileInputs).length; 
    var inputCount = 0;

    //Iterate through each file selector input
    $(fileInputs).each(function(index, input){

        fileList = input.files;
        // Create a new FormData object.
        var formData = new FormData();
        //Extra parameters can be added to the form data object
        formData.append('bulk_upload', '1');
        formData.append('username', $('input[name="username"]').val());
        //Iterate throug each images selected by each file selector and find if the image is present in the preview
        for (var i = 0; i < fileList.length; i++) {
            if ($(input).next('.imagePreviewTable').find('.imagePreviewRow_'+i).length != 0) {
                var file = fileList[i];
                // Check the file type.
                if (!file.type.match('image.*')) {
                    continue;
                }
                // Add the file to the request.
                formData.append('image_uploader_multiple[' +(inputCount++)+ ']', file, file.name);
            }
        }
        // Set up the request.
        var xhr = new XMLHttpRequest();
        xhr.open('POST', url, true);
        xhr.onload = function () {
            if (xhr.status === 200) {
                var jsonResponse = JSON.parse(xhr.responseText);
                if (jsonResponse.status == 1) {
                    $(jsonResponse.file_info).each(function(){
                        //Iterate through response and find data corresponding to each file uploaded
                        var uploaded_file_name = this.original;
                        var saved_file_name = this.target;
                        var file_name_input = '<input type="hidden" class="image_name" name="image_names[]" value="' +saved_file_name+ '" />';
                        file_info_container.append(file_name_input);

                        imageCount--;
                    })
                    //Decrement count of inputs to find all images selected by all multi select are uploaded
                    number_of_inputs--;
                    if(number_of_inputs == 0) {
                        //All images selected by each file selector is uploaded
                        //Do necessary acteion post upload
                        $('.overlay').hide();
                    }
                } else {
                    if (typeof jsonResponse.error_field_name != 'undefined') {
                        //Do appropriate error action
                    } else {
                        alert(jsonResponse.message);
                    }
                    $('.overlay').hide();
                    event.preventDefault();
                    return false;
                }
            } else {
                /*alert('Something went wrong!');*/
                $('.overlay').hide();
                event.preventDefault();
            }
        };
        xhr.send(formData);
    })

    return false;
}

使用XMLHttpRequest()确实可以进行AJAX上载。无需iframes。可以显示上载进度。

有关详细信息,请参阅:答案https://stackoverflow.com/a/4943774/873282对jQuery Upload Progress和AJAX文件上传提出质疑。

Ajax发布和上传文件是可能的。我使用jQuery$.ajax函数加载文件。我尝试使用XHR对象,但无法在服务器端使用PHP获得结果。

var formData = new FormData();
formData.append('file', $('#file')[0].files[0]);

$.ajax({
       url : 'upload.php',
       type : 'POST',
       data : formData,
       processData: false,  // tell jQuery not to process the data
       contentType: false,  // tell jQuery not to set contentType
       success : function(data) {
           console.log(data);
           alert(data);
       }
});

如您所见,您必须创建一个FormData对象,该对象为空或来自(serialized?-$('#yourForm').serialize())现有表单,然后附加输入文件。

以下是更多信息:-如何使用jQuery.ajax和FormData上载文件-通过jQuery上载文件,提供对象FormData,没有文件名,GET请求

对于PHP进程,您可以使用以下内容:

//print_r($_FILES);
$fileName = $_FILES['file']['name'];
$fileType = $_FILES['file']['type'];
$fileError = $_FILES['file']['error'];
$fileContent = file_get_contents($_FILES['file']['tmp_name']);

if($fileError == UPLOAD_ERR_OK){
   //Processes your file here
}else{
   switch($fileError){
     case UPLOAD_ERR_INI_SIZE:   
          $message = 'Error al intentar subir un archivo que excede el tamaño permitido.';
          break;
     case UPLOAD_ERR_FORM_SIZE:  
          $message = 'Error al intentar subir un archivo que excede el tamaño permitido.';
          break;
     case UPLOAD_ERR_PARTIAL:    
          $message = 'Error: no terminó la acción de subir el archivo.';
          break;
     case UPLOAD_ERR_NO_FILE:    
          $message = 'Error: ningún archivo fue subido.';
          break;
     case UPLOAD_ERR_NO_TMP_DIR: 
          $message = 'Error: servidor no configurado para carga de archivos.';
          break;
     case UPLOAD_ERR_CANT_WRITE: 
          $message= 'Error: posible falla al grabar el archivo.';
          break;
     case  UPLOAD_ERR_EXTENSION: 
          $message = 'Error: carga de archivo no completada.';
          break;
     default: $message = 'Error: carga de archivo no completada.';
              break;
    }
      echo json_encode(array(
               'error' => true,
               'message' => $message
            ));
}