我需要能够在运行时合并两个（非常简单）JavaScript对象。例如，我想：
var obj1 = { food: 'pizza', car: 'ford' }
var obj2 = { animal: 'dog' }
obj1.merge(obj2);
//obj1 now has three properties: food, car, and animal
是否有一种内置的方法来实现这一点？我不需要递归，也不需要合并函数，只需要平面对象上的方法。
当前回答
对象.assign（）
ECMAScript 2015（ES6）
这是一项新技术，是ECMAScript 2015（ES6）标准的一部分。这项技术的规范已经定稿，但请查看兼容性表，了解各种浏览器中的用法和实现状态。
assign（）方法用于将所有可枚举自身财产的值从一个或多个源对象复制到目标对象。它将返回目标对象。
var o1 = { a: 1 };
var o2 = { b: 2 };
var o3 = { c: 3 };
var obj = Object.assign(o1, o2, o3);
console.log(obj); // { a: 1, b: 2, c: 3 }
console.log(o1); // { a: 1, b: 2, c: 3 }, target object itself is changed.
其他回答
对于使用Node.js的用户，有一个NPM模块：Node.extend
安装：
npm install node.extend
用法：
var extend = require('node.extend');
var destObject = extend(true, {}, sourceObject);
// Where sourceObject is the object whose properties will be copied into another.
我在谷歌上搜索了合并对象财产的代码，结果出现在这里。然而，由于没有递归合并的代码，我自己编写了它。（也许jQuery扩展是递归的BTW？）无论如何，希望其他人也会发现它很有用。
（现在代码不使用Object.prototype:）
Code
/*
* Recursively merge properties of two objects
*/
function MergeRecursive(obj1, obj2) {
for (var p in obj2) {
try {
// Property in destination object set; update its value.
if ( obj2[p].constructor==Object ) {
obj1[p] = MergeRecursive(obj1[p], obj2[p]);
} else {
obj1[p] = obj2[p];
}
} catch(e) {
// Property in destination object not set; create it and set its value.
obj1[p] = obj2[p];
}
}
return obj1;
}
一个例子
o1 = { a : 1,
b : 2,
c : {
ca : 1,
cb : 2,
cc : {
cca : 100,
ccb : 200 } } };
o2 = { a : 10,
c : {
ca : 10,
cb : 20,
cc : {
cca : 101,
ccb : 202 } } };
o3 = MergeRecursive(o1, o2);
生成类似o3的对象
o3 = { a : 10,
b : 2,
c : {
ca : 10,
cb : 20,
cc : {
cca : 101,
ccb : 202 } } };
我扩展了David Coallier的方法：
增加了合并多个对象的可能性支持深层对象override参数（如果最后一个参数是布尔值，则检测到）
如果覆盖为false，则不会覆盖任何属性，但会添加新的财产。
用法：obj.merge（合并…[，覆盖]）；
这是我的代码：
Object.defineProperty(Object.prototype, "merge", {
enumerable: false,
value: function () {
var override = true,
dest = this,
len = arguments.length,
props, merge, i, from;
if (typeof(arguments[arguments.length - 1]) === "boolean") {
override = arguments[arguments.length - 1];
len = arguments.length - 1;
}
for (i = 0; i < len; i++) {
from = arguments[i];
if (from != null) {
Object.getOwnPropertyNames(from).forEach(function (name) {
var descriptor;
// nesting
if ((typeof(dest[name]) === "object" || typeof(dest[name]) === "undefined")
&& typeof(from[name]) === "object") {
// ensure proper types (Array rsp Object)
if (typeof(dest[name]) === "undefined") {
dest[name] = Array.isArray(from[name]) ? [] : {};
}
if (override) {
if (!Array.isArray(dest[name]) && Array.isArray(from[name])) {
dest[name] = [];
}
else if (Array.isArray(dest[name]) && !Array.isArray(from[name])) {
dest[name] = {};
}
}
dest[name].merge(from[name], override);
}
// flat properties
else if ((name in dest && override) || !(name in dest)) {
descriptor = Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(from, name);
if (descriptor.configurable) {
Object.defineProperty(dest, name, descriptor);
}
}
});
}
}
return this;
}
});
示例和测试用例：
function clone (obj) {
return JSON.parse(JSON.stringify(obj));
}
var obj = {
name : "trick",
value : "value"
};
var mergeObj = {
name : "truck",
value2 : "value2"
};
var mergeObj2 = {
name : "track",
value : "mergeObj2",
value2 : "value2-mergeObj2",
value3 : "value3"
};
assertTrue("Standard", clone(obj).merge(mergeObj).equals({
name : "truck",
value : "value",
value2 : "value2"
}));
assertTrue("Standard no Override", clone(obj).merge(mergeObj, false).equals({
name : "trick",
value : "value",
value2 : "value2"
}));
assertTrue("Multiple", clone(obj).merge(mergeObj, mergeObj2).equals({
name : "track",
value : "mergeObj2",
value2 : "value2-mergeObj2",
value3 : "value3"
}));
assertTrue("Multiple no Override", clone(obj).merge(mergeObj, mergeObj2, false).equals({
name : "trick",
value : "value",
value2 : "value2",
value3 : "value3"
}));
var deep = {
first : {
name : "trick",
val : "value"
},
second : {
foo : "bar"
}
};
var deepMerge = {
first : {
name : "track",
anotherVal : "wohoo"
},
second : {
foo : "baz",
bar : "bam"
},
v : "on first layer"
};
assertTrue("Deep merges", clone(deep).merge(deepMerge).equals({
first : {
name : "track",
val : "value",
anotherVal : "wohoo"
},
second : {
foo : "baz",
bar : "bam"
},
v : "on first layer"
}));
assertTrue("Deep merges no override", clone(deep).merge(deepMerge, false).equals({
first : {
name : "trick",
val : "value",
anotherVal : "wohoo"
},
second : {
foo : "bar",
bar : "bam"
},
v : "on first layer"
}));
var obj1 = {a: 1, b: "hello"};
obj1.merge({c: 3});
assertTrue(obj1.equals({a: 1, b: "hello", c: 3}));
obj1.merge({a: 2, b: "mom", d: "new property"}, false);
assertTrue(obj1.equals({a: 1, b: "hello", c: 3, d: "new property"}));
var obj2 = {};
obj2.merge({a: 1}, {b: 2}, {a: 3});
assertTrue(obj2.equals({a: 3, b: 2}));
var a = [];
var b = [1, [2, 3], 4];
a.merge(b);
assertEquals(1, a[0]);
assertEquals([2, 3], a[1]);
assertEquals(4, a[2]);
var o1 = {};
var o2 = {a: 1, b: {c: 2}};
var o3 = {d: 3};
o1.merge(o2, o3);
assertTrue(o1.equals({a: 1, b: {c: 2}, d: 3}));
o1.b.c = 99;
assertTrue(o2.equals({a: 1, b: {c: 2}}));
// checking types with arrays and objects
var bo;
a = [];
bo = [1, {0:2, 1:3}, 4];
b = [1, [2, 3], 4];
a.merge(b);
assertTrue("Array stays Array?", Array.isArray(a[1]));
a = [];
a.merge(bo);
assertTrue("Object stays Object?", !Array.isArray(a[1]));
a = [];
a.merge(b);
a.merge(bo);
assertTrue("Object overrides Array", !Array.isArray(a[1]));
a = [];
a.merge(b);
a.merge(bo, false);
assertTrue("Object does not override Array", Array.isArray(a[1]));
a = [];
a.merge(bo);
a.merge(b);
assertTrue("Array overrides Object", Array.isArray(a[1]));
a = [];
a.merge(bo);
a.merge(b, false);
assertTrue("Array does not override Object", !Array.isArray(a[1]));
我的equals方法可以在这里找到：JavaScript中的对象比较
请注意，underline.js的extend方法在一行中实现了这一点：
_.extend({name : 'moe'}, {age : 50});
=> {name : 'moe', age : 50}
此解决方案创建一个新对象，并能够处理多个对象。
此外，它是递归的，您可以选择要覆盖值和对象的天气。
function extendObjects() {
var newObject = {};
var overwriteValues = false;
var overwriteObjects = false;
for ( var indexArgument = 0; indexArgument < arguments.length; indexArgument++ ) {
if ( typeof arguments[indexArgument] !== 'object' ) {
if ( arguments[indexArgument] == 'overwriteValues_True' ) {
overwriteValues = true;
} else if ( arguments[indexArgument] == 'overwriteValues_False' ) {
overwriteValues = false;
} else if ( arguments[indexArgument] == 'overwriteObjects_True' ) {
overwriteObjects = true;
} else if ( arguments[indexArgument] == 'overwriteObjects_False' ) {
overwriteObjects = false;
}
} else {
extendObject( arguments[indexArgument], newObject, overwriteValues, overwriteObjects );
}
}
function extendObject( object, extendedObject, overwriteValues, overwriteObjects ) {
for ( var indexObject in object ) {
if ( typeof object[indexObject] === 'object' ) {
if ( typeof extendedObject[indexObject] === "undefined" || overwriteObjects ) {
extendedObject[indexObject] = object[indexObject];
}
extendObject( object[indexObject], extendedObject[indexObject], overwriteValues, overwriteObjects );
} else {
if ( typeof extendedObject[indexObject] === "undefined" || overwriteValues ) {
extendedObject[indexObject] = object[indexObject];
}
}
}
return extendedObject;
}
return newObject;
}
var object1 = { a : 1, b : 2, testArr : [888, { innArr : 1 }, 777 ], data : { e : 12, c : { lol : 1 }, rofl : { O : 3 } } };
var object2 = { a : 6, b : 9, data : { a : 17, b : 18, e : 13, rofl : { O : 99, copter : { mao : 1 } } }, hexa : { tetra : 66 } };
var object3 = { f : 13, g : 666, a : 333, data : { c : { xD : 45 } }, testArr : [888, { innArr : 3 }, 555 ] };
var newExtendedObject = extendObjects( 'overwriteValues_False', 'overwriteObjects_False', object1, object2, object3 );
newExtendedObject的内容：
{"a":1,"b":2,"testArr":[888,{"innArr":1},777],"data":{"e":12,"c":{"lol":1,"xD":45},"rofl":{"O":3,"copter":{"mao":1}},"a":17,"b":18},"hexa":{"tetra":66},"f":13,"g":666}
小提琴：http://jsfiddle.net/o0gb2umb/
