我需要能够在运行时合并两个(非常简单)JavaScript对象。例如,我想:
var obj1 = { food: 'pizza', car: 'ford' }
var obj2 = { animal: 'dog' }
obj1.merge(obj2);
//obj1 now has three properties: food, car, and animal
是否有一种内置的方法来实现这一点?我不需要递归,也不需要合并函数,只需要平面对象上的方法。
我需要能够在运行时合并两个(非常简单)JavaScript对象。例如,我想:
var obj1 = { food: 'pizza', car: 'ford' }
var obj2 = { animal: 'dog' }
obj1.merge(obj2);
//obj1 now has three properties: food, car, and animal
是否有一种内置的方法来实现这一点?我不需要递归,也不需要合并函数,只需要平面对象上的方法。
当前回答
您可以为每个对象分配一个默认的合并(也许“继承”一个更好的名称)方法:
它应该使用对象或实例化函数。
如果需要,下面的代码处理重写合并值:
Object.prototype.merge = function(obj, override) {
// Don't override by default
for (var key in obj) {
var n = obj[key];
var t = this[key];
this[key] = (override && t) ? n : t;
};
};
测试数据如下:
var Mammal = function () {
this.eyes = 2;
this.thinking_brain = false;
this.say = function () {
console.log('screaming like a mammal')};
}
var Human = function () {
this.thinking_brain = true;
this.say = function() {console.log('shouting like a human')};
}
john = new Human();
// Extend mammal, but do not override from mammal
john.merge(new Mammal());
john.say();
// Extend mammal and override from mammal
john.merge(new Mammal(), true);
john.say();
其他回答
这似乎就是你所需要的:
var obj1 = { food: 'pizza', car: 'ford' }
var obj2 = { animal: 'dog' }
var obj3 = { ...obj1, ...obj2 }
之后,obj3现在应该具有以下值:
{food: "pizza", car: "ford", animal: "dog"}
在这里试试:
var obj1={food:“pizza”,car:“ford”}var obj2={动物:“狗”}var obj3={…obj1,…obj2}console.log(obj3);
GitHub上有一个名为deepmmerge的库:这似乎正在引起一些关注。它是一个独立的,可以通过npm和bower包管理器获得。
我倾向于使用或改进这一点,而不是复制粘贴答案中的代码。
与jQueryextend()类似,AngularJS中有相同的函数:
// Merge the 'options' object into the 'settings' object
var settings = {validate: false, limit: 5, name: "foo"};
var options = {validate: true, name: "bar"};
angular.extend(settings, options);
ECMAScript 2018标准方法
您可以使用对象扩散:
let merged = {...obj1, ...obj2};
merged现在是obj1和obj2的并集。obj2中的财产将覆盖obj1中的属性。
/** There's no limit to the number of objects you can merge.
* Later properties overwrite earlier properties with the same name. */
const allRules = {...obj1, ...obj2, ...obj3};
这里还有此语法的MDN文档。如果您正在使用babel,则需要@babel/plugin提议对象rest spread插件才能工作(该插件包含在ES2018中的@babel/preset-env中)。
ECMAScript 2015(ES6)标准方法
/* For the case in question, you would do: */
Object.assign(obj1, obj2);
/** There's no limit to the number of objects you can merge.
* All objects get merged into the first object.
* Only the object in the first argument is mutated and returned.
* Later properties overwrite earlier properties with the same name. */
const allRules = Object.assign({}, obj1, obj2, obj3, etc);
(参见MDN JavaScript参考)
ES5及更早版本的方法
for (var attrname in obj2) { obj1[attrname] = obj2[attrname]; }
请注意,这将简单地将obj2的所有属性添加到obj1中,如果您仍然希望使用未修改的obj1,那么这可能不是您想要的。
如果你使用的是一个在你的原型上到处都是垃圾的框架,那么你必须通过hasOwnProperty这样的检查来获得更高的效率,但这段代码在99%的情况下都是有效的。
示例函数:
/**
* Overwrites obj1's values with obj2's and adds obj2's if non existent in obj1
* @param obj1
* @param obj2
* @returns obj3 a new object based on obj1 and obj2
*/
function merge_options(obj1,obj2){
var obj3 = {};
for (var attrname in obj1) { obj3[attrname] = obj1[attrname]; }
for (var attrname in obj2) { obj3[attrname] = obj2[attrname]; }
return obj3;
}
对于不太复杂的对象,可以使用JSON:
var obj1 = { food: 'pizza', car: 'ford' }
var obj2 = { animal: 'dog', car: 'chevy'}
var objMerge;
objMerge = JSON.stringify(obj1) + JSON.stringify(obj2);
// {"food": "pizza","car":"ford"}{"animal":"dog","car":"chevy"}
objMerge = objMerge.replace(/\}\{/, ","); // \_ replace with comma for valid JSON
objMerge = JSON.parse(objMerge); // { food: 'pizza', animal: 'dog', car: 'chevy'}
// Of same keys in both objects, the last object's value is retained_/
请注意,在此示例中,“}{”不能出现在字符串中!