我的程序在后台线程中执行一些网络活动。在开始之前,它会弹出一个进度对话框。该对话框在处理程序上被解除。这一切都很好,除了当对话框打开时屏幕方向发生变化(背景线程正在运行)。此时,应用程序要么崩溃,要么死锁,要么进入一个奇怪的阶段,在所有线程被杀死之前,应用程序根本无法工作。

我如何处理屏幕方向的变化优雅?

下面的示例代码大致匹配我的实际程序:

public class MyAct extends Activity implements Runnable {
    public ProgressDialog mProgress;

    // UI has a button that when pressed calls send

    public void send() {
         mProgress = ProgressDialog.show(this, "Please wait", 
                      "Please wait", 
                      true, true);
        Thread thread = new Thread(this);
        thread.start();
    }

    public void run() {
        Thread.sleep(10000);
        Message msg = new Message();
        mHandler.sendMessage(msg);
    }

    private final Handler mHandler = new Handler() {
        @Override
        public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
            mProgress.dismiss();
        }
    };
}

栈:

E/WindowManager(  244): Activity MyAct has leaked window com.android.internal.policy.impl.PhoneWindow$DecorView@433b7150 that was originally added here
E/WindowManager(  244): android.view.WindowLeaked: Activity MyAct has leaked window com.android.internal.policy.impl.PhoneWindow$DecorView@433b7150 that was originally added here
E/WindowManager(  244):     at android.view.ViewRoot.<init>(ViewRoot.java:178)
E/WindowManager(  244):     at android.view.WindowManagerImpl.addView(WindowManagerImpl.java:147)
E/WindowManager(  244):     at android.view.WindowManagerImpl.addView(WindowManagerImpl.java:90)
E/WindowManager(  244):     at android.view.Window$LocalWindowManager.addView(Window.java:393)
E/WindowManager(  244):     at android.app.Dialog.show(Dialog.java:212)
E/WindowManager(  244):     at android.app.ProgressDialog.show(ProgressDialog.java:103)
E/WindowManager(  244):     at android.app.ProgressDialog.show(ProgressDialog.java:91)
E/WindowManager(  244):     at MyAct.send(MyAct.java:294)
E/WindowManager(  244):     at MyAct$4.onClick(MyAct.java:174)
E/WindowManager(  244):     at android.view.View.performClick(View.java:2129)
E/WindowManager(  244):     at android.view.View.onTouchEvent(View.java:3543)
E/WindowManager(  244):     at android.widget.TextView.onTouchEvent(TextView.java:4664)
E/WindowManager(  244):     at android.view.View.dispatchTouchEvent(View.java:3198)

我已经尝试在onSaveInstanceState中取消进度对话框,但这只是防止了立即崩溃。背景线程仍在运行,UI处于部分绘制状态。需要在它重新开始工作之前杀死整个应用程序。


当前回答

诀窍是在onPreExecute/onPostExecute期间像往常一样在AsyncTask中显示/解散对话框,尽管在方向改变的情况下,在活动中创建/显示一个对话框的新实例,并将其引用传递给任务。

public class MainActivity extends Activity {
    private Button mButton;
    private MyTask mTask = null;

    @Override
    public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.main);

        MyTask task = (MyTask) getLastNonConfigurationInstance();
        if(task != null){
            mTask = task;
            mTask.mContext = this;
            mTask.mDialog = ProgressDialog.show(this, "", "", true);        
        }

        mButton = (Button) findViewById(R.id.button1);
        mButton.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener(){
            public void onClick(View v){
                mTask = new MyTask(MainActivity.this);
                mTask.execute();
            }
        });
    }


    @Override
    public Object onRetainNonConfigurationInstance() {
        String str = "null";
        if(mTask != null){
            str = mTask.toString();
            mTask.mDialog.dismiss();
        }
        Toast.makeText(this, str, Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
        return mTask;
    }



    private class MyTask extends AsyncTask<Void, Void, Void>{
        private ProgressDialog mDialog;
        private MainActivity mContext;


        public MyTask(MainActivity context){
            super();
            mContext = context;
        }


        protected void onPreExecute() {
            mDialog = ProgressDialog.show(MainActivity.this, "", "", true);
        }

        protected void onPostExecute(Void result) {
            mContext.mTask = null;
            mDialog.dismiss();
        }


        @Override
        protected Void doInBackground(Void... params) {
            SystemClock.sleep(5000);
            return null;
        }       
    }
}

其他回答

我的解决方案是扩展ProgressDialog类来获得我自己的MyProgressDialog。

我重新定义了show()和dismiss()方法来在显示对话框之前锁定方向,并在对话框被解散时将其解锁。

因此,当显示对话框并且设备的方向发生变化时,屏幕的方向保持不变,直到调用dismiss(),然后屏幕方向根据传感器值/设备方向发生变化。

这是我的代码:

public class MyProgressDialog extends ProgressDialog {
    private Context mContext;

    public MyProgressDialog(Context context) {
        super(context);
        mContext = context;
    }

    public MyProgressDialog(Context context, int theme) {
        super(context, theme);
        mContext = context;
    }
    
    public void show() {
        if (mContext.getResources().getConfiguration().orientation == Configuration.ORIENTATION_PORTRAIT)
            ((Activity) mContext).setRequestedOrientation(ActivityInfo.SCREEN_ORIENTATION_PORTRAIT);
        else
            ((Activity) mContext).setRequestedOrientation(ActivityInfo.SCREEN_ORIENTATION_LANDSCAPE);
        super.show();
    }
    
    public void dismiss() {
        super.dismiss();
        ((Activity) mContext).setRequestedOrientation(ActivityInfo.SCREEN_ORIENTATION_SENSOR);
    }
}

我将贡献我处理这个轮换问题的方法。这可能与OP无关,因为他没有使用AsyncTask,但其他人可能会发现它很有用。这很简单,但它似乎为我做的工作:

我有一个带有嵌套AsyncTask类的登录活动,称为BackgroundLoginTask。

在我的BackgroundLoginTask中,我没有做任何不寻常的事情,除了在调用ProgressDialog的dismiss时添加一个空检查:

@Override
protected void onPostExecute(Boolean result)
{    
if (pleaseWaitDialog != null)
            pleaseWaitDialog.dismiss();
[...]
}

这是为了处理后台任务完成而活动不可见的情况,因此,进度对话框已经被onPause()方法解散。

接下来,在我的父Activity类中,我为我的AsyncTask类和我的ProgressDialog创建了全局静态句柄(AsyncTask被嵌套,可以访问这些变量):

private static BackgroundLoginTask backgroundLoginTask;
private static ProgressDialog pleaseWaitDialog;

这有两个目的:首先,它允许我的活动总是访问AsyncTask对象,即使是从一个新的,后旋转的活动。其次,它允许我的BackgroundLoginTask访问和解散ProgressDialog,即使在旋转之后。

接下来,我将此添加到onPause(),导致进度对话框在我们的活动离开前台时消失(防止丑陋的“强制关闭”崩溃):

    if (pleaseWaitDialog != null)
    pleaseWaitDialog.dismiss();

最后,我在onResume()方法中有以下内容:

if ((backgroundLoginTask != null) && (backgroundLoginTask.getStatus() == Status.RUNNING))
        {
           if (pleaseWaitDialog != null)
             pleaseWaitDialog.show();
        }

这允许对话框在活动被重新创建后重新出现。

这是整个班级:

public class NSFkioskLoginActivity extends NSFkioskBaseActivity {
    private static BackgroundLoginTask backgroundLoginTask;
    private static ProgressDialog pleaseWaitDialog;
    private Controller cont;

    // This is the app entry point.
    /** Called when the activity is first created. */
    @Override
    public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);

        if (CredentialsAvailableAndValidated())
        {
        //Go to main menu and don't run rest of onCreate method.
            gotoMainMenu();
            return;
        }
        setContentView(R.layout.login);
        populateStoredCredentials();   
    }

    //Save current progress to options when app is leaving foreground
    @Override
    public void onPause()
    {
        super.onPause();
        saveCredentialsToPreferences(false);
        //Get rid of progress dialog in the event of a screen rotation. Prevents a crash.
        if (pleaseWaitDialog != null)
        pleaseWaitDialog.dismiss();
    }

    @Override
    public void onResume()
    {
        super.onResume();
        if ((backgroundLoginTask != null) && (backgroundLoginTask.getStatus() == Status.RUNNING))
        {
           if (pleaseWaitDialog != null)
             pleaseWaitDialog.show();
        }
    }

    /**
     * Go to main menu, finishing this activity
     */
    private void gotoMainMenu()
    {
        startActivity(new Intent(getApplicationContext(), NSFkioskMainMenuActivity.class));
        finish();
    }

    /**
     * 
     * @param setValidatedBooleanTrue If set true, method will set CREDS_HAVE_BEEN_VALIDATED to true in addition to saving username/password.
     */
    private void saveCredentialsToPreferences(boolean setValidatedBooleanTrue)
    {
        SharedPreferences settings = getSharedPreferences(APP_PREFERENCES, MODE_PRIVATE);
        SharedPreferences.Editor prefEditor = settings.edit();
        EditText usernameText = (EditText) findViewById(R.id.editTextUsername);
        EditText pswText = (EditText) findViewById(R.id.editTextPassword);
        prefEditor.putString(USERNAME, usernameText.getText().toString());
        prefEditor.putString(PASSWORD, pswText.getText().toString());
        if (setValidatedBooleanTrue)
        prefEditor.putBoolean(CREDS_HAVE_BEEN_VALIDATED, true);
        prefEditor.commit();
    }

    /**
     * Checks if user is already signed in
     */
    private boolean CredentialsAvailableAndValidated() {
        SharedPreferences settings = getSharedPreferences(APP_PREFERENCES,
                MODE_PRIVATE);
        if (settings.contains(USERNAME) && settings.contains(PASSWORD) && settings.getBoolean(CREDS_HAVE_BEEN_VALIDATED, false) == true)
         return true;   
        else
        return false;
    }

    //Populate stored credentials, if any available
    private void populateStoredCredentials()
    {
        SharedPreferences settings = getSharedPreferences(APP_PREFERENCES,
            MODE_PRIVATE);
        settings.getString(USERNAME, "");
       EditText usernameText = (EditText) findViewById(R.id.editTextUsername);
       usernameText.setText(settings.getString(USERNAME, ""));
       EditText pswText = (EditText) findViewById(R.id.editTextPassword);
       pswText.setText(settings.getString(PASSWORD, ""));
    }

    /**
     * Validate credentials in a seperate thread, displaying a progress circle in the meantime
     * If successful, save credentials in preferences and proceed to main menu activity
     * If not, display an error message
     */
    public void loginButtonClick(View view)
    {
        if (phoneIsOnline())
        {
        EditText usernameText = (EditText) findViewById(R.id.editTextUsername);
        EditText pswText = (EditText) findViewById(R.id.editTextPassword);
           //Call background task worker with username and password params
           backgroundLoginTask = new BackgroundLoginTask();
           backgroundLoginTask.execute(usernameText.getText().toString(), pswText.getText().toString());
        }
        else
        {
        //Display toast informing of no internet access
        String notOnlineMessage = getResources().getString(R.string.noNetworkAccessAvailable);
        Toast toast = Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(), notOnlineMessage, Toast.LENGTH_SHORT);
        toast.show();
        }
    }

    /**
     * 
     * Takes two params: username and password
     *
     */
    public class BackgroundLoginTask extends AsyncTask<Object, String, Boolean>
    {       
       private Exception e = null;

       @Override
       protected void onPreExecute()
       {
           cont = Controller.getInstance();
           //Show progress dialog
           String pleaseWait = getResources().getString(R.string.pleaseWait);
           String commWithServer = getResources().getString(R.string.communicatingWithServer);
            if (pleaseWaitDialog == null)
              pleaseWaitDialog= ProgressDialog.show(NSFkioskLoginActivity.this, pleaseWait, commWithServer, true);

       }

        @Override
        protected Boolean doInBackground(Object... params)
        {
        try {
            //Returns true if credentials were valid. False if not. Exception if server could not be reached.
            return cont.validateCredentials((String)params[0], (String)params[1]);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            this.e=e;
            return false;
        }
        }

        /**
         * result is passed from doInBackground. Indicates whether credentials were validated.
         */
        @Override
        protected void onPostExecute(Boolean result)
        {
        //Hide progress dialog and handle exceptions
        //Progress dialog may be null if rotation has been switched
        if (pleaseWaitDialog != null)
             {
            pleaseWaitDialog.dismiss();
                pleaseWaitDialog = null;
             }

        if (e != null)
        {
         //Show toast with exception text
                String networkError = getResources().getString(R.string.serverErrorException);
                Toast toast = Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(), networkError, Toast.LENGTH_SHORT);
            toast.show();
        }
        else
        {
            if (result == true)
            {
            saveCredentialsToPreferences(true);
            gotoMainMenu();
            }
            else
            {
            String toastText = getResources().getString(R.string.invalidCredentialsEntered);
                Toast toast = Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(), toastText, Toast.LENGTH_SHORT);
            toast.show();
            } 
        }
        }

    }
}

我绝不是一个经验丰富的Android开发人员,所以请随意发表评论。

我有一个实现,允许活动在屏幕方向改变上被销毁,但仍然在重新创建的活动中成功地销毁对话框。 我用…NonConfigurationInstance将后台任务附加到重新创建的活动。 正常的Android框架处理重新创建对话框本身,没有任何改变。

我子类化了AsyncTask,为“拥有”活动添加了一个字段,以及一个更新这个所有者的方法。

class MyBackgroundTask extends AsyncTask<...> {
  MyBackgroundTask (Activity a, ...) {
    super();
    this.ownerActivity = a;
  }

  public void attach(Activity a) {
    ownerActivity = a;
  }

  protected void onPostExecute(Integer result) {
    super.onPostExecute(result);
    ownerActivity.dismissDialog(DIALOG_PROGRESS);
  }

  ...
}

在我的活动类中,我添加了一个字段backgroundTask引用'owned' backgroundTask,我使用onRetainNonConfigurationInstance和getLastNonConfigurationInstance更新这个字段。

class MyActivity extends Activity {
  public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
    ...
    if (getLastNonConfigurationInstance() != null) {
      backgroundTask = (MyBackgroundTask) getLastNonConfigurationInstance();
      backgroundTask.attach(this);
    }
  }

  void startBackgroundTask() {
    backgroundTask = new MyBackgroundTask(this, ...);
    showDialog(DIALOG_PROGRESS);
    backgroundTask.execute(...);
  }

  public Object onRetainNonConfigurationInstance() {
    if (backgroundTask != null && backgroundTask.getStatus() != Status.FINISHED)
      return backgroundTask;
    return null;
  }
  ...
}

进一步改进建议:

在任务完成后,清除活动中的backgroundTask引用以释放与之关联的所有内存或其他资源。 在活动被销毁之前,清除后台任务中的ownerActivity引用,以防它不会立即被重新创建。 创建一个BackgroundTask接口和/或集合,以允许不同类型的任务从相同的活动中运行。

我也遇到了同样的问题,我想出了一个不使用ProgressDialog的解决方案,我得到了更快的结果。

我所做的是创建一个布局,其中有一个ProgressBar。

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<RelativeLayout
xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="fill_parent">
<ProgressBar
    android:id="@+id/progressImage"
    android:layout_width="wrap_content"
    android:layout_height="wrap_content"
    android:layout_centerInParent="true"
    />
</RelativeLayout>

然后在onCreate方法中执行以下操作

public void onCreate(Bundle icicle) {
    super.onCreate(icicle);
    setContentView(R.layout.progress);
}

然后在线程中执行长任务,完成后使用Runnable将内容视图设置为您想要用于此活动的实际布局。

例如:

mHandler.post(new Runnable(){

public void run() {
        setContentView(R.layout.my_layout);
    } 
});

这就是我所做的,我发现它比显示ProgressDialog运行得更快,在我看来,它的侵入性更小,外观更好。

然而,如果你想要使用ProgressDialog,那么这个答案不适合你。

如今,有一种更加独特的方式来处理这类问题。典型的方法是:

1. 确保你的数据与用户界面正确分离:

任何后台进程都应该在一个保留的Fragment中(使用Fragment. setretaininstance()设置此值)。这就成为了你的“持久数据存储”,你想要保留的任何数据都会被保留。在方向改变事件之后,这个片段仍然可以通过FragmentManager.findFragmentByTag()调用以其原始状态访问(当你创建它时,你应该给它一个标签而不是一个ID,因为它没有附加到一个视图)。

请参阅处理运行时更改开发指南,了解如何正确执行此操作,以及为什么这是最佳选择。

2. 确保你在后台进程和你的UI之间正确和安全的接口:

You must reverse your linking process. At the moment your background process attaches itself to a View - instead your View should be attaching itself to the background process. It makes more sense right? The View's action is dependent on the background process, whereas the background process is not dependent on the View.This means changing the link to a standard Listener interface. Say your process (whatever class it is - whether it is an AsyncTask, Runnable or whatever) defines a OnProcessFinishedListener, when the process is done it should call that listener if it exists.

这个答案很好地简洁地描述了如何定制侦听器。

3.每当UI被创建(包括方向的改变)时,将你的UI链接到数据过程中:

现在你必须考虑如何将后台任务与当前View结构连接起来。如果你正确地处理了你的方向变化(而不是人们经常推荐的configChanges黑客),那么你的对话框将被系统重新创建。这很重要,它意味着在方向改变时,所有Dialog的生命周期方法都会被召回。所以在这些方法中(onCreateDialog通常是一个好地方),你可以像下面这样调用:

DataFragment f = getActivity().getFragmentManager().findFragmentByTag("BACKGROUND_TAG");
if (f != null) {
    f.mBackgroundProcess.setOnProcessFinishedListener(new OnProcessFinishedListener() {
        public void onProcessFinished() {
            dismiss();
        }
    });
 }

查看Fragment生命周期以确定侦听器的设置最适合于您的个人实现。

这是一种通用方法,用于为本问题中问到的一般问题提供健壮而完整的解决方案。根据您的具体情况,这个答案中可能还缺少一些细节,但这通常是正确处理方向更改事件的最正确方法。