Alexis已经在Java 8中使用toMap方法(keyMapper, valueMapper)发布了一个答案。根据这个方法实现的文档:

没有对类型、可变性、可序列化性或 返回Map的线程安全。

因此，如果我们对Map接口的特定实现感兴趣，例如HashMap，那么我们可以使用重载形式:

Map<String, Item> map2 =
                itemList.stream().collect(Collectors.toMap(Item::getKey, //key for map
                        Function.identity(),    // value for map
                        (o,n) -> o,             // merge function in case of conflict with keys
                        HashMap::new));         // map factory - we want HashMap and not any Map implementation

虽然使用Function.identity()或i->i都可以，但似乎Function.identity()而不是i->i可能会根据这个相关的答案节省一些内存。

Apache Commons MapUtils.populateMap

如果您不使用Java 8，并且出于某种原因不想使用显式循环，可以尝试MapUtils。populateMap来自Apache Commons。

MapUtils.populateMap

假设您有一个巴黎的列表。

List<ImmutablePair<String, String>> pairs = ImmutableList.of(
    new ImmutablePair<>("A", "aaa"),
    new ImmutablePair<>("B", "bbb")
);

现在需要Pair对象的Pair键的Map。

Map<String, Pair<String, String>> map = new HashMap<>();
MapUtils.populateMap(map, pairs, new Transformer<Pair<String, String>, String>() {

  @Override
  public String transform(Pair<String, String> input) {
    return input.getKey();
  }
});

System.out.println(map);

给输出:

{A=(A,aaa), B=(B,bbb)}

也就是说，for循环可能更容易理解。(下面给出了相同的输出):

Map<String, Pair<String, String>> map = new HashMap<>();
for (Pair<String, String> pair : pairs) {
  map.put(pair.getKey(), pair);
}
System.out.println(map);

您可以利用Java 8的流API。

public class ListToMap {

  public static void main(String[] args) {
    List<User> items = Arrays.asList(new User("One"), new User("Two"), new User("Three"));

    Map<String, User> map = createHashMap(items);
    for(String key : map.keySet()) {
      System.out.println(key +" : "+map.get(key));
    }
  }

  public static Map<String, User> createHashMap(List<User> items) {
    Map<String, User> map = items.stream().collect(Collectors.toMap(User::getId, Function.identity()));
    return map;
  }
}

详情请访问:http://codecramp.com/java-8-streams-api-convert-list-map/

这是我为这个目的写的一个小方法。它使用来自Apache Commons的Validate。

请随意使用。

/**
 * Converts a <code>List</code> to a map. One of the methods of the list is called to retrive
 * the value of the key to be used and the object itself from the list entry is used as the
 * objct. An empty <code>Map</code> is returned upon null input.
 * Reflection is used to retrieve the key from the object instance and method name passed in.
 *
 * @param <K> The type of the key to be used in the map
 * @param <V> The type of value to be used in the map and the type of the elements in the
 *            collection
 * @param coll The collection to be converted.
 * @param keyType The class of key
 * @param valueType The class of the value
 * @param keyMethodName The method name to call on each instance in the collection to retrieve
 *            the key
 * @return A map of key to value instances
 * @throws IllegalArgumentException if any of the other paremeters are invalid.
 */
public static <K, V> Map<K, V> asMap(final java.util.Collection<V> coll,
        final Class<K> keyType,
        final Class<V> valueType,
        final String keyMethodName) {

    final HashMap<K, V> map = new HashMap<K, V>();
    Method method = null;

    if (isEmpty(coll)) return map;
    notNull(keyType, Messages.getString(KEY_TYPE_NOT_NULL));
    notNull(valueType, Messages.getString(VALUE_TYPE_NOT_NULL));
    notEmpty(keyMethodName, Messages.getString(KEY_METHOD_NAME_NOT_NULL));

    try {
        // return the Method to invoke to get the key for the map
        method = valueType.getMethod(keyMethodName);
    }
    catch (final NoSuchMethodException e) {
        final String message =
            String.format(
                    Messages.getString(METHOD_NOT_FOUND),
                    keyMethodName,
                    valueType);
        e.fillInStackTrace();
        logger.error(message, e);
        throw new IllegalArgumentException(message, e);
    }
    try {
        for (final V value : coll) {

            Object object;
            object = method.invoke(value);
            @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
            final K key = (K) object;
            map.put(key, value);
        }
    }
    catch (final Exception e) {
        final String message =
            String.format(
                    Messages.getString(METHOD_CALL_FAILED),
                    method,
                    valueType);
        e.fillInStackTrace();
        logger.error(message, e);
        throw new IllegalArgumentException(message, e);
    }
    return map;
}

就像已经说过的，在java-8中，我们有收藏家的简洁解决方案:

  list.stream().collect(
         groupingBy(Item::getKey)
        )

同时，你可以通过另一个groupingBy方法作为第二个参数来嵌套多个组:

  list.stream().collect(
         groupingBy(Item::getKey, groupingBy(Item::getOtherKey))
        )

这样，我们就有了多级映射，就像这样:map <key, map <key, List<Item>>>

如果没有java-8，你可以在一行Commons集合和Closure类中完成这些

List<Item> list;
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
Map<Key, Item> map  = new HashMap<Key, Item>>(){{
    CollectionUtils.forAllDo(list, new Closure() {
        @Override
        public void execute(Object input) {
            Item item = (Item) input;
            put(i.getKey(), item);
        }
    });
}};