一对一关联的最有效映射 您可以通过为两个关联实体使用相同的主键值来避免所有这些问题并消除外键列。可以通过使用@MapsId注释关联的所属方来实现这一点。

@Entity
public class Book {
 
    @Id
    @GeneratedValue
    private Long id;
 
    @OneToOne(mappedBy = "book", fetch = FetchType.LAZY, optional = false)
    private Manuscript manuscript;
 
    ...
}


@Entity
public class Manuscript {
 
    @Id
    private Long id;
 
    @OneToOne
    @MapsId
    @JoinColumn(name = "id")
    private Book book;
 
    ...
}


Book b = em.find(Book.class, 100L);
Manuscript m = em.find(Manuscript.class, b.getId());

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为了让惰性加载工作在可为空的一对一映射上，您需要让hibernate进行编译时插装，并向一对一关系添加@LazyToOne(value = LazyToOneOption.NO_PROXY)。

示例映射:

@OneToOne(fetch = FetchType.LAZY)  
@JoinColumn(name="other_entity_fk")
@LazyToOne(value = LazyToOneOption.NO_PROXY)
public OtherEntity getOther()

示例Ant构建文件扩展名(用于Hibernate编译时插装):

<property name="src" value="/your/src/directory"/><!-- path of the source files --> 
<property name="libs" value="/your/libs/directory"/><!-- path of your libraries --> 
<property name="destination" value="/your/build/directory"/><!-- path of your build directory --> 

<fileset id="applibs" dir="${libs}"> 
  <include name="hibernate3.jar" /> 
  <!-- include any other libraries you'll need here --> 
</fileset> 

<target name="compile"> 
  <javac srcdir="${src}" destdir="${destination}" debug="yes"> 
    <classpath> 
      <fileset refid="applibs"/> 
    </classpath> 
  </javac> 
</target> 

<target name="instrument" depends="compile"> 
  <taskdef name="instrument" classname="org.hibernate.tool.instrument.javassist.InstrumentTask"> 
    <classpath> 
      <fileset refid="applibs"/> 
    </classpath> 
  </taskdef> 

  <instrument verbose="true"> 
    <fileset dir="${destination}"> 
      <!-- substitute the package where you keep your domain objs --> 
      <include name="/com/mycompany/domainobjects/*.class"/> 
    </fileset> 
  </instrument> 
</target>

As already perfectly explained by ChssPly76, Hibernate's proxies don't help with unconstrained (nullable) one-to-one associations, BUT there is a trick explained here to avoid to set up instrumentation. The idea is to fool Hibernate that the entity class which we want to use has been already instrumented: you instrument it manually in the source code. It's easy! I've implemented it with CGLib as bytecode provider and it works (ensure that you configure lazy="no-proxy" and fetch="select", not "join", in your HBM).

我认为这是真正的(我是说自动的)插装的一个很好的替代方案，当您只有一个一对一的可空关系时，您想让它变得懒惰。主要的缺点是这个解决方案依赖于你正在使用的字节码提供程序，所以准确地注释你的类，因为你将来可能不得不改变字节码提供程序;当然，您还因为技术原因修改了您的模型bean，这是不好的。

这里有一些对我有用的东西(没有仪器):

我没有在两边使用@OneToOne，而是在关系的相反部分(带有mappedBy的部分)使用@OneToMany。这使得属性成为一个集合(在下面的示例中为List)，但我将其转换为getter中的一个项，使其对客户端透明。

这种设置工作缓慢，也就是说，只有在调用getPrevious()或getNext()时才进行选择—并且每次调用只有一个选择。

表结构:

CREATE TABLE `TB_ISSUE` (
    `ID`            INT(9) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
    `NAME`          VARCHAR(255) NULL,
    `PREVIOUS`      DECIMAL(9,2) NULL
    CONSTRAINT `PK_ISSUE` PRIMARY KEY (`ID`)
);
ALTER TABLE `TB_ISSUE` ADD CONSTRAINT `FK_ISSUE_ISSUE_PREVIOUS`
                 FOREIGN KEY (`PREVIOUS`) REFERENCES `TB_ISSUE` (`ID`);

类:

@Entity
@Table(name = "TB_ISSUE") 
public class Issue {

    @Id
    @GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)
    protected Integer id;

    @Column
    private String name;

    @OneToOne(fetch=FetchType.LAZY)  // one to one, as expected
    @JoinColumn(name="previous")
    private Issue previous;

    // use @OneToMany instead of @OneToOne to "fake" the lazy loading
    @OneToMany(mappedBy="previous", fetch=FetchType.LAZY)
    // notice the type isnt Issue, but a collection (that will have 0 or 1 items)
    private List<Issue> next;

    public Integer getId() { return id; }
    public String getName() { return name; }

    public Issue getPrevious() { return previous; }
    // in the getter, transform the collection into an Issue for the clients
    public Issue getNext() { return next.isEmpty() ? null : next.get(0); }

}

如果子实体是只读的，那么可以简单地设置optional=false。 然后确保每个映射实体的使用都是通过查询预加载的。

public class App {
  ...
  @OneToOne(mappedBy = "app", fetch = FetchType.LAZY, optional = false)
  private Attributes additional;

and

String sql = " ... FROM App a LEFT JOIN FETCH a.additional aa ...";

．.． 也许坚持也会有用……

首先，对KLE的答案进行一些澄清:

Unconstrained (nullable) one-to-one association is the only one that can not be proxied without bytecode instrumentation. The reason for this is that owner entity MUST know whether association property should contain a proxy object or NULL and it can't determine that by looking at its base table's columns due to one-to-one normally being mapped via shared PK, so it has to be eagerly fetched anyway making proxy pointless. Here's a more detailed explanation. many-to-one associations (and one-to-many, obviously) do not suffer from this issue. Owner entity can easily check its own FK (and in case of one-to-many, empty collection proxy is created initially and populated on demand), so the association can be lazy. Replacing one-to-one with one-to-many is pretty much never a good idea. You can replace it with unique many-to-one but there are other (possibly better) options.

Rob H.有一个有效的观点，但是您可能无法根据您的模型实现它(例如，如果您的一对一关联是可空的)。

现在，就最初的问题而言

A) @ManyToOne(fetch=FetchType.LAZY)应该可以正常工作。您确定它没有在查询本身中被覆盖吗?可以在HQL中指定连接获取和/或通过Criteria API显式设置获取模式，这将优先于类注释。如果不是这样，你仍然有问题，请发布你的类，查询和结果的SQL进行更多的重点对话。

B) @一对一比较棘手。如果它绝对不是空的，那就用Rob H吧。的建议，并具体说明如下:

@OneToOne(optional = false, fetch = FetchType.LAZY)

否则，如果你可以改变你的数据库(添加一个外键列到所有者表)，这样做，并将其映射为“joined”:

@OneToOne(fetch = FetchType.LAZY)
@JoinColumn(name="other_entity_fk")
public OtherEntity getOther()

在OtherEntity中:

@OneToOne(mappedBy = "other")
public OwnerEntity getOwner()

如果您不能这样做(并且不能接受快速抓取)，字节码插装就是惟一的选择。然而，我不得不同意CPerkins的观点——如果你有80个!!由于渴望一对一的联系，你有更大的问题:-)