Java SE(标准版)用于构建桌面应用程序。

Java ME (Micro Edition)适用于旧的移动设备。

Java EE(企业版)用于开发基于web的应用程序。

是的，从Java SE开始。你提到的所有任务都可以用它来处理。

Java ME是移动版，EE是企业版;这些是标准版的专业/扩展版本。

是的，您应该从Java SE开始。Java EE适用于web应用程序，Java ME适用于移动应用程序——两者都是基于SE构建的。

Developers use different editions of the Java platform to create Java programs that run on desktop computers, web browsers, web servers, mobile information devices (such as feature phones), and embedded devices (such as television set-top boxes). Java Platform, Standard Edition (Java SE): The Java platform for developing applications, which are stand-alone programs that run on desktops. Java SE is also used to develop applets, which are programs that run in web browsers. Java Platform, Enterprise Edition (Java EE): The Java platform for developing enterprise-oriented applications and servlets, which are server programs that conform to Java EE’s Servlet API. Java EE is built on top of Java SE. Java Platform, Micro Edition (Java ME): The Java platform for developing MIDlets, which are programs that run on mobile information devices, and Xlets, which are programs that run on embedded devices.

根据Oracle的文档，实际上有四个Java平台:

Java平台标准版(Java SE) Java平台，企业版(Java EE) Java平台，微型版(javame) JavaFX

Java SE is for developing desktop applications and it is the foundation for developing in Java language. It consists of development tools, deployment technologies, and other class libraries and toolkits used in Java applications. Java EE is built on top of Java SE, and it is used for developing web applications and large-scale enterprise applications. Java ME is a subset of the Java SE. It provides an API and a small-footprint virtual machine for running Java applications on small devices. JavaFX is a platform for creating rich internet applications using a lightweight user-interface API. It is a recent addition to the family of Java platforms.

严格地说，这些平台是规范;它们是规范，而不是软件。 Java平台标准版开发工具包(JDK)是一个官方实现 的Java SE规范，由Oracle提供。还有其他实现，比如OpenJDK和IBM的J9。

Java新手可以下载适合自己平台和操作系统的JDK (Oracle的JDK可以下载) 在这里。)

当我遇到这个问题时，我发现Oracle教程上提供的信息非常完整，值得分享:

Java编程语言平台

There are four platforms of the Java programming language: Java Platform, Standard Edition (Java SE) Java Platform, Enterprise Edition (Java EE) Java Platform, Micro Edition (Java ME) JavaFX All Java platforms consist of a Java Virtual Machine (VM) and an application programming interface (API). The Java Virtual Machine is a program, for a particular hardware and software platform, that runs Java technology applications. An API is a collection of software components that you can use to create other software components or applications. Each Java platform provides a virtual machine and an API, and this allows applications written for that platform to run on any compatible system with all the advantages of the Java programming language: platform-independence, power, stability, ease-of-development, and security.

Java SE

When most people think of the Java programming language, they think of the Java SE API. Java SE's API provides the core functionality of the Java programming language. It defines everything from the basic types and objects of the Java programming language to high-level classes that are used for networking, security, database access, graphical user interface (GUI) development, and XML parsing. In addition to the core API, the Java SE platform consists of a virtual machine, development tools, deployment technologies, and other class libraries and toolkits commonly used in Java technology applications.

Java EE

Java EE平台构建在Java SE平台之上。Java EE平台提供了一个API和运行时环境，用于开发和开发 运行大规模、多层次、可扩展、可靠、安全 网络应用程序。

Java ME

Java ME平台提供了一个API和一个占用空间小的虚拟 机器上用于运行Java编程语言的小型应用程序 设备，比如手机。该API是Java SE API的一个子集， 以及特殊的类库，适用于小型设备应用程序 发展。Java ME应用程序通常是Java EE的客户端 平台服务。

JavaFX

JavaFX是一个用于创建富互联网应用程序的平台 轻量级用户界面API。JavaFX应用程序使用 硬件加速图形和媒体引擎的优势 更高性能的客户端和现代的外观和感觉 用于连接到网络数据源的高级api。JavaFX 应用程序可能是Java EE平台服务的客户端。