总结

使用PUT创建或用请求中包含的表示定义的状态替换目标资源的状态。这种标准化的预期效果是幂等的，因此它通知中介，在通信失败的情况下，他们可以重复请求。 否则使用POST(包括创建或替换目标资源以外的资源状态)。其预期效果不规范，中介机构不能依赖任何普遍属性。

参考文献

关于POST和PUT请求方法之间语义差异的最新权威描述在RFC 7231中给出(Roy Fielding, Julian Reschke, 2014):

The fundamental difference between the POST and PUT methods is highlighted by the different intent for the enclosed representation. The target resource in a POST request is intended to handle the enclosed representation according to the resource's own semantics, whereas the enclosed representation in a PUT request is defined as replacing the state of the target resource. Hence, the intent of PUT is idempotent and visible to intermediaries, even though the exact effect is only known by the origin server.

换句话说，PUT的预期效果是标准化的(用请求中所包含的表示定义的状态创建或替换目标资源的状态)，因此对所有目标资源都是通用的，而POST的预期效果不是标准化的，因此是特定于每个目标资源的。因此POST可以用于任何事情，包括实现PUT和其他请求方法(GET、HEAD、DELETE、CONNECT、OPTIONS和TRACE)的预期效果。

But it is recommended to always use the more specialized request method rather than POST when applicable because it provides more information to intermediaries for automating information retrieval (since GET, HEAD, OPTIONS, and TRACE are defined as safe), handling communication failure (since GET, HEAD, PUT, DELETE, OPTIONS, and TRACE are defined as idempotent), and optimizing cache performance (since GET and HEAD are defined as cacheable), as explained in It Is Okay to Use POST (Roy Fielding, 2009):

POST only becomes an issue when it is used in a situation for which some other method is ideally suited: e.g., retrieval of information that should be a representation of some resource (GET), complete replacement of a representation (PUT), or any of the other standardized methods that tell intermediaries something more valuable than “this may change something.” The other methods are more valuable to intermediaries because they say something about how failures can be automatically handled and how intermediate caches can optimize their behavior. POST does not have those characteristics, but that doesn’t mean we can live without it. POST serves many useful purposes in HTTP, including the general purpose of “this action isn’t worth standardizing.”

什么时候使用一种或另一种应该是相当简单的，但复杂的措辞对我们许多人来说是困惑的来源。

何时使用:

当您希望修改已经是资源集合一部分的单个资源时，请使用PUT。PUT将整个资源替换。示例:PUT /resources/:resourceId 旁注:如果您想更新资源的一部分，请使用PATCH。

当您希望在资源集合下添加子资源时，请使用POST。 示例:POST => /resources

一般来说:

通常，在实践中，总是使用PUT进行UPDATE操作。 CREATE操作总是使用POST。

例子:

GET /company/reports =>获取所有报告 GET /company/reports/{id} =>获取以"id"标识的报告信息 POST /company/reports => PUT /company/reports/{id} =>更新“id”标识的报告信息 PATCH /company/reports/{id} =>更新“id”标识的部分报告信息 DELETE /company/reports/{id} =>删除报表

请参阅:http://zacharyvoase.com/2009/07/03/http-post-put-diff/

最近，我对web开发人员的一个流行误解感到非常恼火，他们认为POST是用来创建资源的，而PUT是用来更新/更改资源的。

如果你看一下RFC 2616的第55页(“超文本传输协议- HTTP/1.1”)，第9.6节(“PUT”)，你会看到PUT实际上是干什么的:

PUT方法要求将所包含的实体存储在所提供的Request-URI下。

还有一个方便的段落解释了POST和PUT之间的区别:

The fundamental difference between the POST and PUT requests is reflected in the different meaning of the Request-URI. The URI in a POST request identifies the resource that will handle the enclosed entity. That resource might be a data-accepting process, a gateway to some other protocol, or a separate entity that accepts annotations. In contrast, the URI in a PUT request identifies the entity enclosed with the request – the user agent knows what URI is intended and the server MUST NOT attempt to apply the request to some other resource.

它没有提到更新/创建之间的区别，因为这不是它的重点。这是关于这两者之间的区别:

obj.set_attribute(value) # A POST request.

这:

obj.attribute = value # A PUT request.

所以，请停止这种流行的误解的传播。阅读rfc。

总结

使用PUT创建或用请求中包含的表示定义的状态替换目标资源的状态。这种标准化的预期效果是幂等的，因此它通知中介，在通信失败的情况下，他们可以重复请求。 否则使用POST(包括创建或替换目标资源以外的资源状态)。其预期效果不规范，中介机构不能依赖任何普遍属性。

参考文献

关于POST和PUT请求方法之间语义差异的最新权威描述在RFC 7231中给出(Roy Fielding, Julian Reschke, 2014):

The fundamental difference between the POST and PUT methods is highlighted by the different intent for the enclosed representation. The target resource in a POST request is intended to handle the enclosed representation according to the resource's own semantics, whereas the enclosed representation in a PUT request is defined as replacing the state of the target resource. Hence, the intent of PUT is idempotent and visible to intermediaries, even though the exact effect is only known by the origin server.

换句话说，PUT的预期效果是标准化的(用请求中所包含的表示定义的状态创建或替换目标资源的状态)，因此对所有目标资源都是通用的，而POST的预期效果不是标准化的，因此是特定于每个目标资源的。因此POST可以用于任何事情，包括实现PUT和其他请求方法(GET、HEAD、DELETE、CONNECT、OPTIONS和TRACE)的预期效果。

But it is recommended to always use the more specialized request method rather than POST when applicable because it provides more information to intermediaries for automating information retrieval (since GET, HEAD, OPTIONS, and TRACE are defined as safe), handling communication failure (since GET, HEAD, PUT, DELETE, OPTIONS, and TRACE are defined as idempotent), and optimizing cache performance (since GET and HEAD are defined as cacheable), as explained in It Is Okay to Use POST (Roy Fielding, 2009):

POST only becomes an issue when it is used in a situation for which some other method is ideally suited: e.g., retrieval of information that should be a representation of some resource (GET), complete replacement of a representation (PUT), or any of the other standardized methods that tell intermediaries something more valuable than “this may change something.” The other methods are more valuable to intermediaries because they say something about how failures can be automatically handled and how intermediate caches can optimize their behavior. POST does not have those characteristics, but that doesn’t mean we can live without it. POST serves many useful purposes in HTTP, including the general purpose of “this action isn’t worth standardizing.”

POST和PUT之间的区别在于PUT是幂等的，这意味着多次调用相同的PUT请求总是会产生相同的结果(没有副作用)，而另一方面，重复调用POST请求可能会产生多次创建相同资源的(额外的)副作用。

GET:使用GET的请求只检索数据，也就是说它请求指定资源的表示

POST:向服务器发送数据以创建资源。请求体的类型由Content-Type报头表示。它通常会导致服务器的状态变化或副作用

PUT:创建一个新资源或用请求有效负载替换目标资源的表示

PATCH:用于对资源应用部分修改

DELETE:删除指定资源

TRACE:它沿着通往目标资源的路径执行消息循环测试，提供了一种有用的调试机制

OPTIONS:用于描述目标资源的通信选项，客户端可以为OPTIONS方法指定一个URL，或者一个星号(*)来引用整个服务器。

HEAD:它请求与GET请求相同的响应，但没有响应体

CONNECT:它建立到目标资源标识的服务器的隧道，可用于访问使用SSL (HTTPS)的网站

据我所知，PUT主要用于更新记录。

POST -创建文档或任何其他资源 PUT—更新创建的文档或任何其他资源。

但要清楚的是，PUT通常“替换”现有的记录，如果它在那里，如果它不在那里创建。