I use static final to declare constants and go with the ALL_CAPS naming notation. I have seen quite a few real life instances where all constants are bunched together into an interface. A few posts have rightly called that a bad practice, primarily because that's not what an interface is for. An interface should enforce a contract and should not be a place to put unrelated constants in. Putting it together into a class that cannot be instantiated (through a private constructor) too is fine if the constant semantics don't belong to a specific class(es). I always put a constant in the class that it's most related to, because that makes sense and is also easily maintainable.

枚举是表示一组值的好选择，但是如果您要存储强调绝对值的独立常量(例如。TIMEOUT = 100 ms)你可以直接使用静态的final方法。

根据上面的评论，我认为这是一个很好的方法，将老式的全局常量类(具有公共静态final变量)更改为类似枚举的等价物，如下所示:

public class Constants {

    private Constants() {
        throw new AssertionError();
    }

    public interface ConstantType {}

    public enum StringConstant implements ConstantType {
        DB_HOST("localhost");
        // other String constants come here

        private String value;
        private StringConstant(String value) {
            this.value = value;
        }
        public String value() {
            return value;
        }
    }

    public enum IntConstant implements ConstantType {
        DB_PORT(3128), 
        MAX_PAGE_SIZE(100);
        // other int constants come here

        private int value;
        private IntConstant(int value) {
            this.value = value;
        }
        public int value() {
            return value;
        }
    }

    public enum SimpleConstant implements ConstantType {
        STATE_INIT,
        STATE_START,
        STATE_END;
    }

}

这样我就可以把它们引用为:

Constants.StringConstant.DB_HOST

那么枚举呢?

一个好的面向对象设计不应该需要很多公开可用的常量。大多数常量都应该封装在需要它们完成工作的类中。

我同意大多数人所说的，在处理常量集合时最好使用枚举。然而，如果你在Android上编程，有一个更好的解决方案:IntDef Annotation。

@Retention(SOURCE)
@IntDef({NAVIGATION_MODE_STANDARD, NAVIGATION_MODE_LIST,NAVIGATION_MODE_TABS})
public @interface NavigationMode {}
public static final int NAVIGATION_MODE_STANDARD = 0;
public static final int NAVIGATION_MODE_LIST = 1;
public static final int NAVIGATION_MODE_TABS = 2;
...
public abstract void setNavigationMode(@NavigationMode int mode);
@NavigationMode
public abstract int getNavigationMode();

IntDef注释在一个简单的方面优于枚举，它占用的空间明显更少，因为它只是一个编译时标记。它不是一个类，也没有自动字符串转换属性。

只是要避免使用接口:

public interface MyConstants {
    String CONSTANT_ONE = "foo";
}

public class NeddsConstant implements MyConstants {

}

这很诱人，但违反了封装，并且模糊了类定义的区别。