I use static final to declare constants and go with the ALL_CAPS naming notation. I have seen quite a few real life instances where all constants are bunched together into an interface. A few posts have rightly called that a bad practice, primarily because that's not what an interface is for. An interface should enforce a contract and should not be a place to put unrelated constants in. Putting it together into a class that cannot be instantiated (through a private constructor) too is fine if the constant semantics don't belong to a specific class(es). I always put a constant in the class that it's most related to, because that makes sense and is also easily maintainable.

枚举是表示一组值的好选择，但是如果您要存储强调绝对值的独立常量(例如。TIMEOUT = 100 ms)你可以直接使用静态的final方法。

这完全可以接受，甚至可能是标准。

(public/private) static final TYPE NAME = VALUE;

其中TYPE是类型，NAME是全大写的名称，空格用下划线表示，VALUE是常量值;

我强烈建议不要将常量放在它们自己的类或接口中。

附注:声明为final且为mutable的变量仍然可以更改;但是，变量永远不能指向不同的对象。

例如:

public static final Point ORIGIN = new Point(0,0);

public static void main(String[] args){

    ORIGIN.x = 3;

}

这是合法的，ORIGIN将是(3,0)点。

有一定的观点来回答这个问题。首先，java中的常量通常被声明为public、static和final。原因如下:

public, so that they are accessible from everywhere
static, so that they can be accessed without any instance. Since they are constants it
  makes little sense to duplicate them for every object.
final, since they should not be allowed to change

我永远不会为CONSTANTS访问器/对象使用接口，因为接口通常是需要实现的。这看起来是不是很有趣:

String myConstant = IMyInterface.CONSTANTX;

相反，我会在一些不同的方法中进行选择，基于一些小的权衡，所以这取决于你需要什么:

1.  Use a regular enum with a default/private constructor. Most people would define 
     constants this way, IMHO.
  - drawback: cannot effectively Javadoc each constant member
  - advantage: var members are implicitly public, static, and final
  - advantage: type-safe
  - provides "a limited constructor" in a special way that only takes args which match
     predefined 'public static final' keys, thus limiting what you can pass to the
     constructor

2.  Use a altered enum WITHOUT a constructor, having all variables defined with 
     prefixed 'public static final' .
  - looks funny just having a floating semi-colon in the code
  - advantage: you can JavaDoc each variable with an explanation
  - drawback: you still have to put explicit 'public static final' before each variable
  - drawback: not type-safe
  - no 'limited constructor'

3.  Use a Class with a private constructor:
  - advantage: you can JavaDoc each variable with an explanation
  - drawback: you have to put explicit 'public static final' before each variable
  - you have the option of having a constructor to create an instance
     of the class if you want to provide additional functions related
     to your constants 
     (or just keep the constructor private)
  - drawback: not type-safe

4. Using interface:
  - advantage: you can JavaDoc each variable with an explanation
  - advantage: var members are implicitly 'public static final'
  - you are able to define default interface methods if you want to provide additional
     functions related to your constants (only if you implement the interface)
  - drawback: not type-safe

静态final是我的偏好，我只使用enum如果项目确实是可枚举的。

您可能犯的第一个错误是创建一个全局可访问的类，类名为泛型名称，如Constants。这只会充斥着垃圾，您将无法确定系统的哪个部分使用了这些常量。

相反，常量应该放到“拥有”它们的类中。有一个叫TIMEOUT的常量吗?它应该放到Communications()或Connection()类中。MAX_BAD_LOGINS_PER_HOUR吗?进入User()。诸如此类。

当“常量”可以在运行时定义，但用户不容易更改时，另一种可能的用法是Java .properties文件。你可以把它们打包到你的.jar文件中，并使用Class resourceLoader引用它们。

一个好的面向对象设计不应该需要很多公开可用的常量。大多数常量都应该封装在需要它们完成工作的类中。