我使用以下函数安装包，如果require("<包>")退出包未发现错误。它将查询- CRAN和Bioconductor存储库，以查找丢失的包。

改编自约书亚·威利的原著， http://r.789695.n4.nabble.com/Install-package-automatically-if-not-there-td2267532.html

install.packages.auto <- function(x) { 
  x <- as.character(substitute(x)) 
  if(isTRUE(x %in% .packages(all.available=TRUE))) { 
    eval(parse(text = sprintf("require(\"%s\")", x)))
  } else { 
    #update.packages(ask= FALSE) #update installed packages.
    eval(parse(text = sprintf("install.packages(\"%s\", dependencies = TRUE)", x)))
  }
  if(isTRUE(x %in% .packages(all.available=TRUE))) { 
    eval(parse(text = sprintf("require(\"%s\")", x)))
  } else {
    source("http://bioconductor.org/biocLite.R")
    #biocLite(character(), ask=FALSE) #update installed packages.
    eval(parse(text = sprintf("biocLite(\"%s\")", x)))
    eval(parse(text = sprintf("require(\"%s\")", x)))
  }
}

例子:

install.packages.auto(qvalue) # from bioconductor
install.packages.auto(rNMF) # from CRAN

注:更新。packages(ask =FALSE) & biocLite(character()， ask=FALSE)将更新系统上所有已安装的软件包。这可能需要很长时间，并将其视为一个完整的R升级，这可能并不总是有保障的!

虽然Shane的回答很好，但对于我的一个项目，我需要自动删除输出消息、警告和安装包。我终于设法得到这个脚本:

InstalledPackage <- function(package) 
{
    available <- suppressMessages(suppressWarnings(sapply(package, require, quietly = TRUE, character.only = TRUE, warn.conflicts = FALSE)))
    missing <- package[!available]
    if (length(missing) > 0) return(FALSE)
    return(TRUE)
}

CRANChoosen <- function()
{
    return(getOption("repos")["CRAN"] != "@CRAN@")
}

UsePackage <- function(package, defaultCRANmirror = "http://cran.at.r-project.org") 
{
    if(!InstalledPackage(package))
    {
        if(!CRANChoosen())
        {       
            chooseCRANmirror()
            if(!CRANChoosen())
            {
                options(repos = c(CRAN = defaultCRANmirror))
            }
        }

        suppressMessages(suppressWarnings(install.packages(package)))
        if(!InstalledPackage(package)) return(FALSE)
    }
    return(TRUE)
}

Use:

libraries <- c("ReadImages", "ggplot2")
for(library in libraries) 
{ 
    if(!UsePackage(library))
    {
        stop("Error!", library)
    }
}

使用packrat使共享库完全相同，而不会改变其他环境。

就优雅和最佳实践而言，我认为你从根本上走错了方向。打包程序就是为这些问题而设计的。它是由RStudio由Hadley Wickham开发的。packrat使用自己的目录，将您的程序的所有依赖项安装在其中，而不涉及别人的环境，这样他们就不必安装依赖项并可能弄乱别人的环境系统。

Packrat is a dependency management system for R. R package dependencies can be frustrating. Have you ever had to use trial-and-error to figure out what R packages you need to install to make someone else’s code work–and then been left with those packages globally installed forever, because now you’re not sure whether you need them? Have you ever updated a package to get code in one of your projects to work, only to find that the updated package makes code in another project stop working? We built packrat to solve these problems. Use packrat to make your R projects more: Isolated: Installing a new or updated package for one project won’t break your other projects, and vice versa. That’s because packrat gives each project its own private package library. Portable: Easily transport your projects from one computer to another, even across different platforms. Packrat makes it easy to install the packages your project depends on. Reproducible: Packrat records the exact package versions you depend on, and ensures those exact versions are the ones that get installed wherever you go.

https://rstudio.github.io/packrat/

是的。如果您有软件包列表，请将其与installed.packages()[，"Package"]的输出进行比较，然后安装缺少的软件包。就像这样:

list.of.packages <- c("ggplot2", "Rcpp")
new.packages <- list.of.packages[!(list.of.packages %in% installed.packages()[,"Package"])]
if(length(new.packages)) install.packages(new.packages)

否则:

如果您将代码放在包中并使它们成为依赖项，那么当您安装包时，它们将自动安装。

此解决方案将获取包名的字符向量并尝试加载它们，或者在加载失败时安装它们。它依赖于require的返回行为来做到这一点，因为…

Require返回(不可见的)一个逻辑，指示所需的包是否可用

因此，我们可以简单地查看是否能够加载所需的包，如果不能，则使用依赖项安装它。所以给定一个你想要加载的包的字符向量…

foo <- function(x){
  for( i in x ){
    #  require returns TRUE invisibly if it was able to load package
    if( ! require( i , character.only = TRUE ) ){
      #  If package was not able to be loaded then re-install
      install.packages( i , dependencies = TRUE )
      #  Load package after installing
      require( i , character.only = TRUE )
    }
  }
}

#  Then try/install packages...
foo( c("ggplot2" , "reshape2" , "data.table" ) )

非常基本的一个。

pkgs = c("pacman","data.table")
if(length(new.pkgs <- setdiff(pkgs, rownames(installed.packages())))) install.packages(new.pkgs)