在Postgresql 9.5中，可以执行以下命令-

UPDATE test
SET data = data - 'a' || '{"a":5}'
WHERE data->>'b' = '2';

OR

UPDATE test
SET data = jsonb_set(data, '{a}', '5'::jsonb);

有人问如何一次更新jsonb值中的多个字段。假设我们创建一个表:

CREATE TABLE testjsonb ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, object JSONB );

然后我们插入一个实验行:

INSERT INTO testjsonb
VALUES (DEFAULT, '{"a":"one", "b":"two", "c":{"c1":"see1","c2":"see2","c3":"see3"}}');

然后我们更新行:

UPDATE testjsonb SET object = object - 'b' || '{"a":1,"d":4}';

它的作用如下:

更新a字段 删除b字段 添加d字段

选择数据:

SELECT jsonb_pretty(object) FROM testjsonb;

会导致:

      jsonb_pretty
-------------------------
 {                      +
     "a": 1,            +
     "c": {             +
         "c1": "see1",  +
         "c2": "see2",  +
         "c3": "see3",  +
     },                 +
     "d": 4             +
 }
(1 row)

要更新里面的字段，不要使用concat操作符||。请改用jsonb_set。这并不简单:

UPDATE testjsonb SET object =
jsonb_set(jsonb_set(object, '{c,c1}','"seeme"'),'{c,c2}','"seehim"');

使用concat操作符{c,c1}，例如:

UPDATE testjsonb SET object = object || '{"c":{"c1":"seedoctor"}}';

将移除{c,c2}和{c,c3}。

要获得更强大的功能，请查看postgresql json函数文档。有人可能会对#-操作符、jsonb_set函数和jsonb_insert函数感兴趣。

这个解决方案是jsonb_set的替代方案，即使JSONB的列中有NULL，它也能工作。只有当对象存在时，jsonb_set才有效。

在下面的示例中，settings是用户表上的JSONB列。

 UPDATE public."Users"
 SET settings = coalesce("settings", '{}')::jsonb || '{ "KeyToSet" : "ValueToSet" }'
 WHERE id=35877;

例如，我的字符串是这样的: {" a1 ":{“a11”:“x”,“a22”:“y”、“a33”:“z”}}

我使用临时表更新jsons，这对于相当小的数据量(<1.000.000)已经足够了。我找到了另一条路，但后来去度假了，就忘了……

所以。查询将是这样的:

with temp_table as (
select 
a.id,
a->'a1'->>'a11' as 'a11',
a->'a1'->>'a22' as 'a22',
a->'a1'->>'a33' as 'a33',
u1.a11updated
from foo a
join table_with_updates u1 on u1.id = a.id)
    update foo a
    set a = ('{"a1": {"a11": "'|| t.a11updated ||'",
        "a22":"'|| t.a22 ||'",
        "a33":"'|| t.a33 ||'"}}')::jsonb
    from temp_table t
    where t.id = a.id;

它与string的关系比json更大，但它是有效的。基本上，它将所有数据拉到临时表中，在用备份的数据插入concat漏洞时创建一个字符串，并将其转换为jsonb。

Json_set可能更有效，但我仍然掌握了它的窍门。当我第一次尝试使用它时，我完全把弦弄乱了……

在9.5中使用jsonb_set-

UPDATE objects
SET body = jsonb_set(body, '{name}', '"Mary"', true)
WHERE id = 1; 

其中body是jsonb列类型。

在@pozs回答的基础上，这里有两个可能对一些人有用的PostgreSQL函数。(需要PostgreSQL 9.3+)

按键删除:按键从JSON结构中删除一个值。

CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION "json_object_del_key"(
  "json"          json,
  "key_to_del"    TEXT
)
  RETURNS json
  LANGUAGE sql
  IMMUTABLE
  STRICT
AS $function$
SELECT CASE
  WHEN ("json" -> "key_to_del") IS NULL THEN "json"
  ELSE (SELECT concat('{', string_agg(to_json("key") || ':' || "value", ','), '}')
          FROM (SELECT *
                  FROM json_each("json")
                 WHERE "key" <> "key_to_del"
               ) AS "fields")::json
END
$function$;

按键递归删除:按键路径从JSON结构中删除一个值。(需要@pozs的json_object_set_key函数)

CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION "json_object_del_path"(
  "json"          json,
  "key_path"      TEXT[]
)
  RETURNS json
  LANGUAGE sql
  IMMUTABLE
  STRICT
AS $function$
SELECT CASE
  WHEN ("json" -> "key_path"[l] ) IS NULL THEN "json"
  ELSE
     CASE COALESCE(array_length("key_path", 1), 0)
         WHEN 0 THEN "json"
         WHEN 1 THEN "json_object_del_key"("json", "key_path"[l])
         ELSE "json_object_set_key"(
           "json",
           "key_path"[l],
           "json_object_del_path"(
             COALESCE(NULLIF(("json" -> "key_path"[l])::text, 'null'), '{}')::json,
             "key_path"[l+1:u]
           )
         )
       END
    END
  FROM array_lower("key_path", 1) l,
       array_upper("key_path", 1) u
$function$;

使用例子:

s1=# SELECT json_object_del_key ('{"hello":[7,3,1],"foo":{"mofu":"fuwa", "moe":"kyun"}}',
                                 'foo'),
            json_object_del_path('{"hello":[7,3,1],"foo":{"mofu":"fuwa", "moe":"kyun"}}',
                                 '{"foo","moe"}');

 json_object_del_key |          json_object_del_path
---------------------+-----------------------------------------
 {"hello":[7,3,1]}   | {"hello":[7,3,1],"foo":{"mofu":"fuwa"}}

在PostgreSQL 9.4中，我们实现了以下python函数。它也可以用于PostgreSQL 9.3。

create language plpython2u;

create or replace function json_set(jdata jsonb, jpaths jsonb, jvalue jsonb) returns jsonb as $$
import json

a = json.loads(jdata)
b = json.loads(jpaths)

if a.__class__.__name__ != 'dict' and a.__class__.__name__ != 'list':
  raise plpy.Error("The json data must be an object or a string.")

if b.__class__.__name__ != 'list':
   raise plpy.Error("The json path must be an array of paths to traverse.")

c = a
for i in range(0, len(b)):
  p = b[i]
  plpy.notice('p == ' + str(p))

  if i == len(b) - 1:
    c[p] = json.loads(jvalue)

  else:
    if p.__class__.__name__ == 'unicode':
      plpy.notice("Traversing '" + p + "'")
      if c.__class__.__name__ != 'dict':
        raise plpy.Error("  The value here is not a dictionary.")
      else:
        c = c[p]

    if p.__class__.__name__ == 'int':
      plpy.notice("Traversing " + str(p))
      if c.__class__.__name__ != 'list':
        raise plpy.Error("  The value here is not a list.")
      else:
        c = c[p]

    if c is None:
      break    

return json.dumps(a)
$$ language plpython2u ;

使用示例:

create table jsonb_table (jsonb_column jsonb);
insert into jsonb_table values
('{"cars":["Jaguar", {"type":"Unknown","partsList":[12, 34, 56]}, "Atom"]}');

select jsonb_column->'cars'->1->'partsList'->2, jsonb_column from jsonb_table;

update jsonb_table
set jsonb_column = json_set(jsonb_column, '["cars",1,"partsList",2]', '99');

select jsonb_column->'cars'->1->'partsList'->2, jsonb_column from jsonb_table;

Note that for a previous employer, I have written a set of C functions for manipulating JSON data as text (not as a json or jsonb type) for PostgreSQL 7, 8 and 9. For example, extracting data with json_path('{"obj":[12, 34, {"num":-45.67}]}', '$.obj[2]['num']'), setting data with json_path_set('{"obj":[12, 34, {"num":-45.67}]}', '$.obj[2]['num']', '99.87') and so on. It took about 3 days work, so if you need it to run on legacy systems and have the time to spare, it may be worth the effort. I imagine the C version is much faster than the python version.