这对于普通哈希来说很简单

{:a => "a", :b => "b"} 

这就意味着

"a=a&b=b"

但是你怎么处理更复杂的东西,比如

{:a => "a", :b => ["c", "d", "e"]} 

这应该转化为

"a=a&b[0]=c&b[1]=d&b[2]=e" 

或者更糟的是,(该怎么做)像这样的事情:

{:a => "a", :b => [{:c => "c", :d => "d"}, {:e => "e", :f => "f"}]

非常感谢你的帮助!


当前回答

2.6.3 :001 > hash = {:a => "a", :b => ["c", "d", "e"]}
=> {:a=>"a", :b=>["c", "d", "e"]}
2.6.3 :002 > hash.to_a.map { |x| "#{x[0]}=#{x[1].class == Array ? x[1].join(",") : x[1]}" 
}.join("&")
=> "a=a&b=c,d,e"

其他回答

如果使用Ruby 1.9.2或更高版本,则可以使用URI。Encode_www_form如果你不需要数组。

例如(来自1.9.3的Ruby文档):

URI.encode_www_form([["q", "ruby"], ["lang", "en"]])
#=> "q=ruby&lang=en"
URI.encode_www_form("q" => "ruby", "lang" => "en")
#=> "q=ruby&lang=en"
URI.encode_www_form("q" => ["ruby", "perl"], "lang" => "en")
#=> "q=ruby&q=perl&lang=en"
URI.encode_www_form([["q", "ruby"], ["q", "perl"], ["lang", "en"]])
#=> "q=ruby&q=perl&lang=en"

您会注意到,数组值不是用包含[]的键名来设置的,就像我们在查询字符串中习惯的那样。encode_www_form使用的规范与HTML5对application/x-www-form-urlencoded data的定义一致。

我知道这是一个老问题,但我只是想张贴这段代码,因为我找不到一个简单的宝石来为我做这个任务。

module QueryParams

  def self.encode(value, key = nil)
    case value
    when Hash  then value.map { |k,v| encode(v, append_key(key,k)) }.join('&')
    when Array then value.map { |v| encode(v, "#{key}[]") }.join('&')
    when nil   then ''
    else            
      "#{key}=#{CGI.escape(value.to_s)}" 
    end
  end

  private

  def self.append_key(root_key, key)
    root_key.nil? ? key : "#{root_key}[#{key.to_s}]"
  end
end

在这里汇总为宝石:https://github.com/simen/queryparams

require 'uri'

class Hash
  def to_query_hash(key)
    reduce({}) do |h, (k, v)|
      new_key = key.nil? ? k : "#{key}[#{k}]"
      v = Hash[v.each_with_index.to_a.map(&:reverse)] if v.is_a?(Array)
      if v.is_a?(Hash)
        h.merge!(v.to_query_hash(new_key))
      else
        h[new_key] = v
      end
      h
    end
  end

  def to_query(key = nil)
    URI.encode_www_form(to_query_hash(key))
  end
end

2.4.2 :019 > {:a => "a", :b => "b"}.to_query_hash(nil)
 => {:a=>"a", :b=>"b"}

2.4.2 :020 > {:a => "a", :b => "b"}.to_query
 => "a=a&b=b"

2.4.2 :021 > {:a => "a", :b => ["c", "d", "e"]}.to_query_hash(nil)
 => {:a=>"a", "b[0]"=>"c", "b[1]"=>"d", "b[2]"=>"e"}

2.4.2 :022 > {:a => "a", :b => ["c", "d", "e"]}.to_query
 => "a=a&b%5B0%5D=c&b%5B1%5D=d&b%5B2%5D=e"

对于基本的、非嵌套的散列,Rails/ActiveSupport有object# to_query。

>> {:a => "a", :b => ["c", "d", "e"]}.to_query
=> "a=a&b%5B%5D=c&b%5B%5D=d&b%5B%5D=e"
>> CGI.unescape({:a => "a", :b => ["c", "d", "e"]}.to_query)
=> "a=a&b[]=c&b[]=d&b[]=e"

http://api.rubyonrails.org/classes/Object.html#method-i-to_query

如果你只需要支持简单的ASCII键/值查询字符串,这里有一个简短而甜蜜的语句:

hash = {"foo" => "bar", "fooz" => 123}
# => {"foo"=>"bar", "fooz"=>123}
query_string = hash.to_a.map { |x| "#{x[0]}=#{x[1]}" }.join("&")
# => "foo=bar&fooz=123"