模块模式

<script type="text/javascript">
(function() {

function init() {
  // ...
}

window.onload = init;
})();
</script>

没有使用var语句或在函数外部声明的变量和函数将在全局作用域中定义。如果一个同名的变量/函数已经存在，它将被无声地覆盖，这可能导致很难发现错误。一种常见的解决方案是将整个代码体封装到一个匿名函数中并立即执行它。这样，所有变量/函数都定义在匿名函数的作用域中，不会泄漏到全局作用域中。

要显式地在全局作用域定义一个变量/函数，它们必须以window为前缀:

window.GLOBAL_VAR = 12;
window.global_function = function() {};

当你想从数组中删除一个元素时，可以使用delete操作符，如下所示:

var numbers = [1,2,3,4,5];
delete numbers[3];
//numbers is now [1,2,3,undefined,5]

正如您所看到的，元素被删除了，但是数组中留下了一个洞，因为元素被替换为一个未定义的值。

因此，要解决这个问题，不要使用删除，而是使用splice array方法…是这样的:

var numbers = [1,2,3,4,5];
numbers.splice(3,1);
//numbers is now [1,2,3,5]

splice的第一个参数是数组[index]中的序数，第二个参数是要删除的元素数量。

我可以引用道格拉斯·克罗克福德这本好书的大部分内容 JavaScript:好的部分。

但我只给你一个，总是使用===和!==而不是==和!=

alert('' == '0'); //false
alert(0 == ''); // true
alert(0 =='0'); // true

==是不可传递的。如果你使用===，它会给出false for 所有这些陈述都符合预期。

具有公共接口的私有变量

它使用了一个简洁的小技巧，即自调用函数定义。 返回的对象中的所有内容在公共接口中都是可用的，而其他所有内容都是私有的。

var test = function () {
    //private members
    var x = 1;
    var y = function () {
        return x * 2;
    };
    //public interface
    return {
        setx : function (newx) {
            x = newx;
        },
        gety : function () {
            return y();
        }
    }
}();

assert(undefined == test.x);
assert(undefined == test.y);
assert(2 == test.gety());
test.setx(5);
assert(10 == test.gety());

正如Marius已经指出的，可以在函数中使用公共静态变量。

我通常使用它们来创建只执行一次的函数，或者缓存一些复杂的计算结果。

下面是我以前的“单例”方法的例子:

var singleton = function(){ 

  if (typeof arguments.callee.__instance__ == 'undefined') { 

    arguments.callee.__instance__ = new function(){

      //this creates a random private variable.
      //this could be a complicated calculation or DOM traversing that takes long
      //or anything that needs to be "cached"
      var rnd = Math.random();

      //just a "public" function showing the private variable value
      this.smth = function(){ alert('it is an object with a rand num=' + rnd); };

   };

  }

  return arguments.callee.__instance__;

};


var a = new singleton;
var b = new singleton;

a.smth(); 
b.smth();

如您所见，在这两种情况下构造函数都只运行一次。

For example, I used this approach back in 2004 when I had to create a modal dialog box with a gray background that covered the whole page (something like Lightbox). Internet Explorer 5.5 and 6 have the highest stacking context for <select> or <iframe> elements due to their "windowed" nature; so if the page contained select elements, the only way to cover them was to create an iframe and position it "on top" of the page. So the whole script was quite complex and a little bit slow (it used filter: expressions to set opacity for the covering iframe). The "shim" script had only one ".show()" method, which created the shim only once and cached it in the static variable :)

JavaScript中的闭包(类似于c# v2.0+中的匿名方法)呢?你可以创建一个函数来创建一个函数或“表达式”。

闭包的例子:

//Takes a function that filters numbers and calls the function on 
//it to build up a list of numbers that satisfy the function.
function filter(filterFunction, numbers)
{
  var filteredNumbers = [];

  for (var index = 0; index < numbers.length; index++)
  {
    if (filterFunction(numbers[index]) == true)
    {
      filteredNumbers.push(numbers[index]);
    }
  }
  return filteredNumbers;
}

//Creates a function (closure) that will remember the value "lowerBound" 
//that gets passed in and keep a copy of it.
function buildGreaterThanFunction(lowerBound)
{
  return function (numberToCheck) {
    return (numberToCheck > lowerBound) ? true : false;
  };
}

var numbers = [1, 15, 20, 4, 11, 9, 77, 102, 6];

var greaterThan7 = buildGreaterThanFunction(7);
var greaterThan15 = buildGreaterThanFunction(15);

numbers = filter(greaterThan7, numbers);
alert('Greater Than 7: ' + numbers);

numbers = filter(greaterThan15, numbers);
alert('Greater Than 15: ' + numbers);