一个灵活的解决方案，使用Apache commons io中的IOUItils和StringWriter：

Reader input = new FileReader();
StringWriter output = new StringWriter();
try {
  IOUtils.copy(input, output);
} finally {
  input.close();
}
String fileContents = output.toString();

它适用于任何读取器或输入流（不仅仅是文件），例如从URL读取时。

同一主题上有一个变体，它使用for循环而不是while循环来限制行变量的范围。是否“更好”取决于个人品味。

for(String line = reader.readLine(); line != null; line = reader.readLine()) {
    stringBuilder.append(line);
    stringBuilder.append(ls);
}

如果您需要字符串处理（并行处理），Java8有很棒的StreamAPI。

String result = Files.lines(Paths.get("file.txt"))
                    .parallel() // for parallel processing 
                    .map(String::trim) // to change line   
                    .filter(line -> line.length() > 2) // to filter some lines by a predicate                        
                    .collect(Collectors.joining()); // to join lines

JDK示例samples/lambda/BulkDataOperations中提供了更多示例，可以从Oracle Java SE 8下载页面下载

另一个单线示例

String out = String.join("\n", Files.readAllLines(Paths.get("file.txt")));

使用此库时，只有一行：

String data = IO.from(new File("data.txt")).toString();

该代码将规范换行符，这可能是您真正想要做的，也可能不是。

这里有一个替代方案，它没有做到这一点，而且比NIO代码更容易理解（IMO）（尽管它仍然使用java.NIO.charset.charset）：

public static String readFile(String file, String csName)
            throws IOException {
    Charset cs = Charset.forName(csName);
    return readFile(file, cs);
}

public static String readFile(String file, Charset cs)
            throws IOException {
    // No real need to close the BufferedReader/InputStreamReader
    // as they're only wrapping the stream
    FileInputStream stream = new FileInputStream(file);
    try {
        Reader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(stream, cs));
        StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder();
        char[] buffer = new char[8192];
        int read;
        while ((read = reader.read(buffer, 0, buffer.length)) > 0) {
            builder.append(buffer, 0, read);
        }
        return builder.toString();
    } finally {
        // Potential issue here: if this throws an IOException,
        // it will mask any others. Normally I'd use a utility
        // method which would log exceptions and swallow them
        stream.close();
    }        
}

这一个使用RandomAccessFile.readFully方法，它似乎可以从JDK 1.0中获得！

public static String readFileContent(String filename, Charset charset) throws IOException {
    RandomAccessFile raf = null;
    try {
        raf = new RandomAccessFile(filename, "r");
        byte[] buffer = new byte[(int)raf.length()];
        raf.readFully(buffer);
        return new String(buffer, charset);
    } finally {
        closeStream(raf);
    }
} 


private static void closeStream(Closeable c) {
    if (c != null) {
        try {
            c.close();
        } catch (IOException ex) {
            // do nothing
        }
    }
}