在PHP中，这为我做了(假设文件名是UTF8编码):

header('Content-Disposition: attachment;'
    . 'filename="' . addslashes(utf8_decode($filename)) . '";'
    . 'filename*=utf-8\'\'' . rawurlencode($filename));

在IE8-11、Firefox和Chrome浏览器上进行测试。 如果浏览器可以解释文件名*=utf-8，它将使用文件名的UTF8版本，否则它将使用解码后的文件名。如果你的文件名包含的字符不能在ISO-8859-1中表示，你可能要考虑使用iconv代替。

以下文件链接自Jim在回答中提到的RFC草案，进一步解决了这个问题，在这里值得直接注意:

HTTP内容处理头和rfc2231 /2047编码的测试用例

在提议的RFC 5987“超文本传输协议(HTTP)报头字段参数的字符集和语言编码”中对此进行了讨论，包括浏览器测试和向后兼容性的链接。

RFC 2183表示这样的报头应该根据RFC 2184进行编码，RFC 2184已被RFC 2231废止，上面的RFC草案涵盖了这一点。

库类Unicode中的方法mimeHeaderEncode($string)可以完成这项工作。

$file_name= Unicode::mimeHeaderEncode($file_name);

drupal/php中的例子:

https://github.com/drupal/core-utility/blob/8.8.x/Unicode.php

/**
   * Encodes MIME/HTTP headers that contain incorrectly encoded characters.
   *
   * For example, Unicode::mimeHeaderEncode('tést.txt') returns
   * "=?UTF-8?B?dMOpc3QudHh0?=".
   *
   * See http://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc2047.txt for more information.
   *
   * Notes:
   * - Only encode strings that contain non-ASCII characters.
   * - We progressively cut-off a chunk with self::truncateBytes(). This ensures
   *   each chunk starts and ends on a character boundary.
   * - Using \n as the chunk separator may cause problems on some systems and
   *   may have to be changed to \r\n or \r.
   *
   * @param string $string
   *   The header to encode.
   * @param bool $shorten
   *   If TRUE, only return the first chunk of a multi-chunk encoded string.
   *
   * @return string
   *   The mime-encoded header.
   */
  public static function mimeHeaderEncode($string, $shorten = FALSE) {
    if (preg_match('/[^\x20-\x7E]/', $string)) {
      // floor((75 - strlen("=?UTF-8?B??=")) * 0.75);
      $chunk_size = 47;
      $len = strlen($string);
      $output = '';
      while ($len > 0) {
        $chunk = static::truncateBytes($string, $chunk_size);
        $output .= ' =?UTF-8?B?' . base64_encode($chunk) . "?=\n";
        if ($shorten) {
          break;
        }
        $c = strlen($chunk);
        $string = substr($string, $c);
        $len -= $c;
      }
      return trim($output);
    }
    return $string;
  }

我使用以下代码片段进行编码(假设fileName包含文件的文件名和扩展名，即:test.txt):

PHP:

if ( strpos ( $_SERVER [ 'HTTP_USER_AGENT' ], "MSIE" ) > 0 )
{
     header ( 'Content-Disposition: attachment; filename="' . rawurlencode ( $fileName ) . '"' );
}
else
{
     header( 'Content-Disposition: attachment; filename*=UTF-8\'\'' . rawurlencode ( $fileName ) );
}

Java:

fileName = request.getHeader ( "user-agent" ).contains ( "MSIE" ) ? URLEncoder.encode ( fileName, "utf-8") : MimeUtility.encodeWord ( fileName );
response.setHeader ( "Content-disposition", "attachment; filename=\"" + fileName + "\"");

在。net 4.5(和Core 1.0)中，你可以使用ContentDispositionHeaderValue来为你格式化。

var fileName = "Naïve file.txt";
var h = new System.Net.Http.Headers.ContentDispositionHeaderValue("attachment");
h.FileNameStar = fileName;
h.FileName = "fallback-ascii-name.txt";

Response.Headers.Add("Content-Disposition", h.ToString());

h.ToString()将导致:

attachment; filename*=utf-8''Na%C3%AFve%20file.txt; filename=fallback-ascii-name.txt