我的解是入口点2。例子:

from entrypoint2 import entrypoint
@entrypoint
def add(file, quiet=True): 
    ''' This function writes report.

    :param file: write report to FILE
    :param quiet: don't print status messages to stdout
    '''
    print file,quiet

帮助文本:

usage: report.py [-h] [-q] [--debug] file

This function writes report.

positional arguments:
  file         write report to FILE

optional arguments:
  -h, --help   show this help message and exit
  -q, --quiet  don't print status messages to stdout
  --debug      set logging level to DEBUG

还有argparse stdlib模块(对stdlib的optparse模块的“改进”)。示例来自argparse的介绍:

# script.py
import argparse

if __name__ == '__main__':
    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()
    parser.add_argument(
        'integers', metavar='int', type=int, choices=range(10),
         nargs='+', help='an integer in the range 0..9')
    parser.add_argument(
        '--sum', dest='accumulate', action='store_const', const=sum,
        default=max, help='sum the integers (default: find the max)')

    args = parser.parse_args()
    print(args.accumulate(args.integers))

用法:

$ script.py 1 2 3 4
4

$ script.py --sum 1 2 3 4
10

我喜欢从stdlib中获取getopt，例如:

try:
    opts, args = getopt.getopt(sys.argv[1:], 'h', ['help'])
except getopt.GetoptError, err: 
    usage(err)

for opt, arg in opts:
    if opt in ('-h', '--help'): 
        usage()

if len(args) != 1:
    usage("specify thing...")

最近，我一直在包装类似的东西，使事情更少的啰嗦(例如;使“-h”隐式)。

import argparse

parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description='Process some integers.')
parser.add_argument('integers', metavar='N', type=int, nargs='+',
                   help='an integer for the accumulator')
parser.add_argument('--sum', dest='accumulate', action='store_const',
                   const=sum, default=max,
                   help='sum the integers (default: find the max)')

args = parser.parse_args()
print(args.accumulate(args.integers))

Assuming the Python code above is saved into a file called prog.py
$ python prog.py -h

Ref-link: https://docs.python.org/3.3/library/argparse.html

我们的一些生物技术客户最近提出了这两个问题:

如何将Python脚本作为命令执行? 当Python脚本作为命令执行时，我们如何将输入值传递给它?

我在下面附上了一个Python脚本，我相信它可以回答这两个问题。让我们假设下面的Python脚本保存在test.py文件中:

#
#----------------------------------------------------------------------
#
# file name: test.py
#
# input values: data  - location of data to be processed
#               date  - date data were delivered for processing
#               study - name of the study where data originated
#               logs  - location where log files should be written 
#
# macOS usage: 
#
#   python3 test.py "/Users/lawrence/data" "20220518" "XYZ123" "/Users/lawrence/logs"
#
# Windows usage: 
#
#   python test.py "D:\data" "20220518" "XYZ123" "D:\logs"
#
#----------------------------------------------------------------------
#
# import needed modules...
#
import sys
import datetime

def main(argv):

   #
   # print message that process is starting...
   #
   print("test process starting at", datetime.datetime.now().strftime("%Y%m%d %H:%M"))

   #
   # set local values from input values...
   #
   data = sys.argv[1]
   date = sys.argv[2]
   study = sys.argv[3]
   logs = sys.argv[4]

   #
   # print input arguments...
   #
   print("data value is", data)
   print("date value is", date)
   print("study value is", study)
   print("logs value is", logs)

   #
   # print message that process is ending...
   #
   print("test process ending at", datetime.datetime.now().strftime("%Y%m%d %H:%M"))

#
# call main() to begin processing...
#

if __name__ == '__main__':

   main(sys.argv)

该脚本可以在macOS计算机上的Terminal shell中执行，如下所示，结果将被打印到标准输出(确保当前目录包括test.py文件):

$ python3 test.py "/Users/lawrence/data" "20220518" "XYZ123" "/Users/lawrence/logs"
test process starting at 20220518 16:51
data value is /Users/lawrence/data
date value is 20220518
study value is XYZ123
logs value is /Users/lawrence/logs
test process ending at 20220518 16:51

该脚本也可以在Windows计算机上的命令提示符中执行，如下所示，结果将被打印到标准输出(确保当前目录包括test.py文件):

D:\scripts>python test.py "D:\data" "20220518" "XYZ123" "D:\logs"
test process starting at 20220518 17:20
data value is D:\data
date value is 20220518
study value is XYZ123
logs value is D:\logs
test process ending at 20220518 17:20

这个脚本回答了上面提出的两个问题，并且是开发将作为带有输入值的命令执行的脚本的一个很好的起点。

新答案的原因:

现有的答案指定了多个选项。 标准选项是使用argparse，一些答案从文档中提供了示例，其中一个答案提出了它的优点。但是所有OP都不能充分/清楚地解释实际问题的答案，至少对新手来说是这样。

argparse的一个例子:

import argparse


def load_config(conf_file):
    pass


if __name__ == '__main__':
    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()
    //Specifies one argument from the command line
    //You can have any number of arguments like this
    parser.add_argument("conf_file", help="configuration file for the application") 
    args = parser.parse_args()
    config = load_config(args.conf_file)

上面的程序需要一个配置文件作为参数。如果您提供了它，它将愉快地执行。如果没有，它将打印以下内容

usage: test.py [-h] conf_file
test.py: error: the following arguments are required: conf_file

可以指定参数是否为可选参数。 可以使用type key为参数指定预期的类型 解析器。Add_argument("年龄"，type=int, help="人的年龄") 可以通过指定default key来指定参数的默认值

本文档将在一定程度上帮助您理解它。