如何在Java中初始化一个静态Map ?
方法一:静态初始化器 方法二:实例初始化器(匿名子类) 或 还有别的方法吗?
它们各自的优点和缺点是什么?
下面是一个例子来说明这两种方法:
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;
public class Test {
private static final Map<Integer, String> myMap = new HashMap<>();
static {
myMap.put(1, "one");
myMap.put(2, "two");
}
private static final Map<Integer, String> myMap2 = new HashMap<>(){
{
put(1, "one");
put(2, "two");
}
};
}
当前回答
嗯…我喜欢枚举;)
enum MyEnum {
ONE (1, "one"),
TWO (2, "two"),
THREE (3, "three");
int value;
String name;
MyEnum(int value, String name) {
this.value = value;
this.name = name;
}
static final Map<Integer, String> MAP = Stream.of( values() )
.collect( Collectors.toMap( e -> e.value, e -> e.name ) );
}
其他回答
第二个方法的一个优点是，你可以用Collections.unmodifiableMap()来包装它，以确保以后不会更新集合:
private static final Map<Integer, String> CONSTANT_MAP =
Collections.unmodifiableMap(new HashMap<Integer, String>() {{
put(1, "one");
put(2, "two");
}});
// later on...
CONSTANT_MAP.put(3, "three"); // going to throw an exception!
第二个方法可以在需要时调用受保护的方法。这对于初始化构造后不可变的类很有用。
你可以使用Cactoos中的StickyMap和MapEntry:
private static final Map<String, String> MAP = new StickyMap<>(
new MapEntry<>("name", "Jeffrey"),
new MapEntry<>("age", "35")
);
我喜欢使用静态初始化“技术”，当我有一个抽象类的具体实现，它定义了一个初始化构造函数，但没有默认构造函数，但我希望我的子类有一个默认构造函数。
例如:
public abstract class Shape {
public static final String COLOR_KEY = "color_key";
public static final String OPAQUE_KEY = "opaque_key";
private final String color;
private final Boolean opaque;
/**
* Initializing constructor - note no default constructor.
*
* @param properties a collection of Shape properties
*/
public Shape(Map<String, Object> properties) {
color = ((String) properties.getOrDefault(COLOR_KEY, "black"));
opaque = (Boolean) properties.getOrDefault(OPAQUE_KEY, false);
}
/**
* Color property accessor method.
*
* @return the color of this Shape
*/
public String getColor() {
return color;
}
/**
* Opaque property accessor method.
*
* @return true if this Shape is opaque, false otherwise
*/
public Boolean isOpaque() {
return opaque;
}
}
以及这个类的具体实现——但它想要/需要一个默认构造函数:
public class SquareShapeImpl extends Shape {
private static final Map<String, Object> DEFAULT_PROPS = new HashMap<>();
static {
DEFAULT_PROPS.put(Shape.COLOR_KEY, "yellow");
DEFAULT_PROPS.put(Shape.OPAQUE_KEY, false);
}
/**
* Default constructor -- intializes this square to be a translucent yellow
*/
public SquareShapeImpl() {
// the static initializer was useful here because the call to
// this(...) must be the first statement in this constructor
// i.e., we can't be mucking around and creating a map here
this(DEFAULT_PROPS);
}
/**
* Initializing constructor -- create a Square with the given
* collection of properties.
*
* @param props a collection of properties for this SquareShapeImpl
*/
public SquareShapeImpl(Map<String, Object> props) {
super(props);
}
}
然后要使用这个默认构造函数，只需执行以下操作:
public class StaticInitDemo {
public static void main(String[] args) {
// create a translucent, yellow square...
Shape defaultSquare = new SquareShapeImpl();
// etc...
}
}
嗯…我喜欢枚举;)
enum MyEnum {
ONE (1, "one"),
TWO (2, "two"),
THREE (3, "three");
int value;
String name;
MyEnum(int value, String name) {
this.value = value;
this.name = name;
}
static final Map<Integer, String> MAP = Stream.of( values() )
.collect( Collectors.toMap( e -> e.value, e -> e.name ) );
}
