org.apache.commons.io.FileUtils中的方法也可能非常方便，例如:

/**
 * Reads the contents of a file line by line to a List
 * of Strings using the default encoding for the VM.
 */
static List readLines(File file)

我编写的这段代码对于非常大的文件要快得多:

public String readDoc(File f) {
    String text = "";
    int read, N = 1024 * 1024;
    char[] buffer = new char[N];

    try {
        FileReader fr = new FileReader(f);
        BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(fr);

        while(true) {
            read = br.read(buffer, 0, N);
            text += new String(buffer, 0, read);

            if(read < N) {
                break;
            }
        }
    } catch(Exception ex) {
        ex.printStackTrace();
    }

    return text;
}

下面是用Java 8的方式实现的一行程序。假设text.txt文件位于Eclipse项目目录的根目录中。

Files.lines(Paths.get("text.txt")).collect(Collectors.toList());

以下是三种工作和测试的方法:

使用BufferedReader

package io;
import java.io.*;
public class ReadFromFile2 {
    public static void main(String[] args)throws Exception {
        File file = new File("C:\\Users\\pankaj\\Desktop\\test.java");
        BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(new FileReader(file));
        String st;
        while((st=br.readLine()) != null){
            System.out.println(st);
        }
    }
}

使用扫描仪

package io;

import java.io.File;
import java.util.Scanner;

public class ReadFromFileUsingScanner {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        File file = new File("C:\\Users\\pankaj\\Desktop\\test.java");
        Scanner sc = new Scanner(file);
        while(sc.hasNextLine()){
            System.out.println(sc.nextLine());
        }
    }
}

使用FileReader

package io;
import java.io.*;
public class ReadingFromFile {

    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        FileReader fr = new FileReader("C:\\Users\\pankaj\\Desktop\\test.java");
        int i;
        while ((i=fr.read()) != -1){
            System.out.print((char) i);
        }
    }
}

使用Scanner类读取整个文件，而不使用循环

package io;

import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.util.Scanner;

public class ReadingEntireFileWithoutLoop {

    public static void main(String[] args) throws FileNotFoundException {
        File file = new File("C:\\Users\\pankaj\\Desktop\\test.java");
        Scanner sc = new Scanner(file);
        sc.useDelimiter("\\Z");
        System.out.println(sc.next());
    }
}

Java 11 Files.readString中引入了最直观的方法

import java.io.*;
import java.nio.file.Files;
import java.nio.file.Paths;

public class App {
    public static void main(String args[]) throws IOException {
        String content = Files.readString(Paths.get("D:\\sandbox\\mvn\\my-app\\my-app.iml"));
        System.out.print(content);
    }
}

PHP几十年来一直享有这种特权!☺

最简单的方法是使用Java中的Scanner类和FileReader对象。简单的例子:

Scanner in = new Scanner(new FileReader("filename.txt"));

扫描器有几个方法读取字符串，数字，等…您可以在Java文档页面上查找有关这方面的更多信息。

例如，将整个内容读入String:

StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
while(in.hasNext()) {
    sb.append(in.next());
}
in.close();
outString = sb.toString();

另外，如果你需要一个特定的编码，你可以使用这个来代替FileReader:

new InputStreamReader(new FileInputStream(fileUtf8), StandardCharsets.UTF_8)