什么是环形使者?

Looper是一个用于执行队列中的消息(可运行对象)的类。普通线程没有这样的队列，例如简单线程没有任何队列。它执行一次，方法执行完成后，线程将不再运行另一个Message(Runnable)。

我们可以在哪里使用Looper类?

如果有人想要执行多个消息(Runnables)，那么他应该使用负责在线程中创建队列的Looper类。 例如，在编写从internet下载文件的应用程序时，我们可以使用Looper类将要下载的文件放入队列中。

它是如何工作的?

有prepare()方法来准备Looper。然后，您可以使用loop()方法在当前线程中创建一个消息循环，现在您的Looper已经准备好在队列中执行请求，直到退出循环。

下面是您可以准备Looper的代码。

class LooperThread extends Thread {
      public Handler mHandler;

      @Override
      public void run() {
          Looper.prepare();

          mHandler = new Handler() {
              @Override
              public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
                  // process incoming messages here
              }
          };

          Looper.loop();
      }
  }

我尝试在Kotlin中给出一个例子。下面是代码示例。

首先，我们需要实例化handler(提供的循环程序而不是默认的循环程序)中的变量处理程序，它要求主线程(loop . getmainlooper())。

函数getAllCourses()需要返回LiveData，因此我们使用handler.postDelayed()将其添加到消息队列中，并在常量SERVICE_LATENCY_IN_MILLIS中指定的x毫秒后运行。

请随意对我的解释再细化一些措辞，使之更清楚。

class RemoteDataSource private constructor(private val jsonHelper: JsonHelper) {

    private val handler = Handler(Looper.getMainLooper())

    companion object {
        private const val SERVICE_LATENCY_IN_MILLIS: Long = 2000

        @Volatile
        private var instance: RemoteDataSource? = null

        fun getInstance(helper: JsonHelper): RemoteDataSource =
                instance ?: synchronized(this) {
                    RemoteDataSource(helper).apply { instance = this }
                }
    }

    fun getAllCourses(): LiveData<ApiResponse<List<CourseResponse>>> {
        EspressoIdlingResource.increment()
        val resultCourse = MutableLiveData<ApiResponse<List<CourseResponse>>>()
        handler.postDelayed({
            resultCourse.value = ApiResponse.success(jsonHelper.loadCourses())
            EspressoIdlingResource.decrement()
        }, SERVICE_LATENCY_IN_MILLIS)
        return resultCourse
    }

循环器有一个同步的messagqueuue，用于处理放置在队列上的消息。

它实现了线程特定的存储模式。

每个线程只有一个Looper。关键方法包括prepare()、loop()和quit()。

prepare()将当前线程初始化为循环程序。prepare()是使用ThreadLocal类的静态方法，如下所示。

   public static void prepare(){
       ...
       sThreadLocal.set
       (new Looper());
   }

在运行事件循环之前，必须显式地调用Prepare()。 loop()运行事件循环，等待消息到达特定线程的消息队列。一旦接收到下一个Message, loop()方法将该Message分派给它的目标处理程序 Quit()关闭事件循环。它不会终止循环，而是将一条特殊消息编入队列

Looper可以通过几个步骤在线程中编程

扩展的线程 调用loop .prepare()将Thread初始化为Looper 创建一个或多个Handler来处理传入消息 调用loop .loop()来处理消息，直到循环被告知quit()。

Looper允许在单个线程上按顺序执行任务。handler定义了我们需要执行的任务。这是我在这个例子中试图说明的一个典型场景:

class SampleLooper extends Thread {
@Override
public void run() {
  try {
    // preparing a looper on current thread     
    // the current thread is being detected implicitly
    Looper.prepare();

    // now, the handler will automatically bind to the
    // Looper that is attached to the current thread
    // You don't need to specify the Looper explicitly
    handler = new Handler();

    // After the following line the thread will start
    // running the message loop and will not normally
    // exit the loop unless a problem happens or you
    // quit() the looper (see below)
    Looper.loop();
  } catch (Throwable t) {
    Log.e(TAG, "halted due to an error", t);
  } 
}
}

现在我们可以在一些其他线程(比如ui线程)中使用处理程序将任务发布到Looper上执行。

handler.post(new Runnable()
{
public void run() {
//This will be executed on thread using Looper.
    }
});

在UI线程上，我们有一个隐式的循环器，允许我们处理UI线程上的消息。

I will try to explain the purpose of looper class as simple as possible. With a normal thread of Java when the run method completes the execution we say the thread has done it's job and thread lives no longer after that. what if we want to execute more tasks throughout our program with that same thread which is not living anymore? Oh there is a problem now right? Yes because we want to execute more tasks but the thread in not alive anymore. It is where the Looper comes in to rescue us. Looper as the name suggests loops. Looper is nothing more than an infinite loop inside your thread. So, it keeps the thread alive for an infinite time until we explicitly calls quit() method. Calling quit() method on the infinitely alive thread will make the condition false in the infinite loop inside the thread thus, infinite loop will exit. so, the thread will die or will no longer be alive. And it's critical to call the quit() method on our Thread to which looper is attached otherwise they will be there in your system just like Zombies. So, for example if we want to create a background thread to do some multiple tasks over it. we will create a simple Java's thread and will use Looper class to prepare a looper and attach the prepared looper with that thread so that our thread can live as longer as we want them because we can always call quit() anytime whenever we want to terminate our thread. So our the looper will keep our thread alive thus we will be able to execute multiple tasks with the same thread and when we are done we will call quit() to terminate the thread. What if we want our Main thread or UI thread to display the results computed by the background thread or non-UI thread on some UI elements? for that purpose there comes in the concept of Handlers; via handlers we can do inter-process communication or say via handlers two threads can communicate with each other. So, the main thread will have an associated Handler and Background thread will communicate with Main Thread via that handler to get the task done of displaying the results computed by it on some UI elements on Main thread. I know I am explaining only theory here but try to understand the concept because understanding the concept in depth is very important. And I am posting a link below which will take you to a small video series about Looper, Handler and HandlerThread and I will highly recommend watching it and all these concepts will get cleared with examples there.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rfLMwbOKLRk&list=PL6nth5sRD25hVezlyqlBO9dafKMc5fAU2&index=1

什么是环形使者?

从文档

电影

循环程序类，用于为线程运行消息循环。默认情况下，线程没有与之关联的消息循环;要创建一个循环，在要运行循环的线程中调用prepare()，然后调用loop()让它处理消息，直到循环停止。

A Looper is a message handling loop: An important character of Looper is that it's associated with the thread within which the Looper is created The Looper class maintains a MessageQueue, which contains a list messages. An important character of Looper is that it's associated with the thread within which the Looper is created. The Looper is named so because it implements the loop – takes the next task, executes it, then takes the next one and so on. The Handler is called a handler because someone could not invent a better name Android Looper is a Java class within the Android user interface that together with the Handler class to process UI events such as button clicks, screen redraws and orientation switches.

它是如何工作的?

创造电影

线程通过在运行后调用loop .prepare()来获得Looper和MessageQueue。loop .prepare()标识调用线程，创建一个Looper和MessageQueue对象并关联线程

示例代码

class MyLooperThread extends Thread {

      public Handler mHandler; 

      public void run() { 

          // preparing a looper on current thread  
          Looper.prepare();

          mHandler = new Handler() { 
              public void handleMessage(Message msg) { 
                 // process incoming messages here
                 // this will run in non-ui/background thread
              } 
          }; 

          Looper.loop();
      } 
  }

欲了解更多信息，请查看下面的帖子

在Android中，Looper, Handler和MessageQueue之间是什么关系? Android内脏:环形器和处理程序的介绍 理解Android核心:Looper, Handler和HandlerThread Android中的Handler 什么是Android Looper? Android: Looper, Handler, HandlerThread。我一部分。 Android中的MessageQueue和Looper