为此，您应该使用Handler的postDelayed函数。它将在主UI线程上以指定的延迟运行您的代码，因此您将能够更新UI控件。

private int mInterval = 5000; // 5 seconds by default, can be changed later
private Handler mHandler;

@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle bundle) {

    // your code here

    mHandler = new Handler();
    startRepeatingTask();
}

@Override
public void onDestroy() {
    super.onDestroy();
    stopRepeatingTask();
}

Runnable mStatusChecker = new Runnable() {
    @Override 
    public void run() {
          try {
               updateStatus(); //this function can change value of mInterval.
          } finally {
               // 100% guarantee that this always happens, even if
               // your update method throws an exception
               mHandler.postDelayed(mStatusChecker, mInterval);
          }
    }
};

void startRepeatingTask() {
    mStatusChecker.run(); 
}

void stopRepeatingTask() {
    mHandler.removeCallbacks(mStatusChecker);
}

为此，您应该使用Handler的postDelayed函数。它将在主UI线程上以指定的延迟运行您的代码，因此您将能够更新UI控件。

private int mInterval = 5000; // 5 seconds by default, can be changed later
private Handler mHandler;

@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle bundle) {

    // your code here

    mHandler = new Handler();
    startRepeatingTask();
}

@Override
public void onDestroy() {
    super.onDestroy();
    stopRepeatingTask();
}

Runnable mStatusChecker = new Runnable() {
    @Override 
    public void run() {
          try {
               updateStatus(); //this function can change value of mInterval.
          } finally {
               // 100% guarantee that this always happens, even if
               // your update method throws an exception
               mHandler.postDelayed(mStatusChecker, mInterval);
          }
    }
};

void startRepeatingTask() {
    mStatusChecker.run(); 
}

void stopRepeatingTask() {
    mHandler.removeCallbacks(mStatusChecker);
}

基于上面关于ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor的帖子，我提出了一个适合我的需求的实用程序(想要每3秒触发一个方法):

class MyActivity {
    private ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor mDialogDaemon;

    private void initDebugButtons() {
        Button btnSpawnDialogs = (Button)findViewById(R.id.btn_spawn_dialogs);
        btnSpawnDialogs.setVisibility(View.VISIBLE);
        btnSpawnDialogs.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View view) {
                spawnDialogs();
            }
        });
    }

    private void spawnDialogs() {
        if (mDialogDaemon != null) {
            mDialogDaemon.shutdown();
            mDialogDaemon = null;
        }
        mDialogDaemon = new ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor(1);
        // This process will execute immediately, then execute every 3 seconds.
        mDialogDaemon.scheduleAtFixedRate(new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                runOnUiThread(new Runnable() {
                    @Override
                    public void run() {
                        // Do something worthwhile
                    }
                });
            }
        }, 0L, 3000L, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
    }
}

对任何感兴趣的人来说，这里是我用inazaruk的代码创建的一个类，它创建了所需的一切(我称之为UIUpdater，因为我用它定期更新UI，但你可以叫它任何你喜欢的名字):

import android.os.Handler;
/**
 * A class used to perform periodical updates,
 * specified inside a runnable object. An update interval
 * may be specified (otherwise, the class will perform the 
 * update every 2 seconds).
 * 
 * @author Carlos Simões
 */
public class UIUpdater {
        // Create a Handler that uses the Main Looper to run in
        private Handler mHandler = new Handler(Looper.getMainLooper());

        private Runnable mStatusChecker;
        private int UPDATE_INTERVAL = 2000;

        /**
         * Creates an UIUpdater object, that can be used to
         * perform UIUpdates on a specified time interval.
         * 
         * @param uiUpdater A runnable containing the update routine.
         */
        public UIUpdater(final Runnable uiUpdater) {
            mStatusChecker = new Runnable() {
                @Override
                public void run() {
                    // Run the passed runnable
                    uiUpdater.run();
                    // Re-run it after the update interval
                    mHandler.postDelayed(this, UPDATE_INTERVAL);
                }
            };
        }

        /**
         * The same as the default constructor, but specifying the
         * intended update interval.
         * 
         * @param uiUpdater A runnable containing the update routine.
         * @param interval  The interval over which the routine
         *                  should run (milliseconds).
         */
        public UIUpdater(Runnable uiUpdater, int interval){
            UPDATE_INTERVAL = interval;
            this(uiUpdater);
        }

        /**
         * Starts the periodical update routine (mStatusChecker 
         * adds the callback to the handler).
         */
        public synchronized void startUpdates(){
            mStatusChecker.run();
        }

        /**
         * Stops the periodical update routine from running,
         * by removing the callback.
         */
        public synchronized void stopUpdates(){
            mHandler.removeCallbacks(mStatusChecker);
        }
}

然后你可以在你的类中创建一个UIUpdater对象，并像这样使用它:

...
mUIUpdater = new UIUpdater(new Runnable() {
         @Override 
         public void run() {
            // do stuff ...
         }
    });

// Start updates
mUIUpdater.startUpdates();

// Stop updates
mUIUpdater.stopUpdates();
...

如果你想使用它作为一个活动更新器，把开始调用放在onResume()方法中，停止调用放在onPause()中，这样更新就会根据活动可见性开始和停止。

有3种方法:

使用ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor

有点多余，因为你不需要一个线程池

   //----------------------SCHEDULER-------------------------
    private final ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor executor_ =
            new ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor(1);
     ScheduledFuture<?> schedulerFuture;
   public void  startScheduler() {
       schedulerFuture=  executor_.scheduleWithFixedDelay(new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                //DO YOUR THINGS
                pageIndexSwitcher.setVisibility(View.GONE);
            }
        }, 0L, 5*MILLI_SEC,  TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
    }


    public void  stopScheduler() {
        pageIndexSwitcher.setVisibility(View.VISIBLE);
        schedulerFuture.cancel(false);
        startScheduler();
    }

使用定时器任务

旧Android风格

    //----------------------TIMER  TASK-------------------------

    private Timer carousalTimer;
    private void startTimer() {
        carousalTimer = new Timer(); // At this line a new Thread will be created
        carousalTimer.scheduleAtFixedRate(new TimerTask() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                //DO YOUR THINGS
                pageIndexSwitcher.setVisibility(INVISIBLE);
            }
        }, 0, 5 * MILLI_SEC); // delay
    }

    void stopTimer() {
        carousalTimer.cancel();
    }

使用Handler和Runnable

现代安卓风格

    //----------------------HANDLER-------------------------

    private Handler taskHandler = new android.os.Handler();

    private Runnable repeatativeTaskRunnable = new Runnable() {
        public void run() {
            //DO YOUR THINGS
        }
    };

   void startHandler() {
        taskHandler.postDelayed(repeatativeTaskRunnable, 5 * MILLI_SEC);
    }

    void stopHandler() {
        taskHandler.removeCallbacks(repeatativeTaskRunnable);
    }

无泄漏的处理程序与活动/上下文

在Activity/Fragment类中声明一个不会泄漏内存的内部Handler类

/**
     * Instances of static inner classes do not hold an implicit
     * reference to their outer class.
     */
    private static class NonLeakyHandler extends Handler {
        private final WeakReference<FlashActivity> mActivity;

        public NonLeakyHandler(FlashActivity activity) {
            mActivity = new WeakReference<FlashActivity>(activity);
        }

        @Override
        public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
            FlashActivity activity = mActivity.get();
            if (activity != null) {
                // ...
            }
        }
    }

声明一个runnable来执行Activity/Fragment类中的重复任务

   private Runnable repeatativeTaskRunnable = new Runnable() {
        public void run() {
            new Handler(getMainLooper()).post(new Runnable() {
                @Override
                public void run() {

         //DO YOUR THINGS
        }
    };

在你的Activity/Fragment中初始化Handler对象(这里FlashActivity是我的Activity类)

//Task Handler
private Handler taskHandler = new NonLeakyHandler(FlashActivity.this);

在固定的时间间隔后重复一项任务

taskHandler。postDelayed(repeatativeTaskRunnable, DELAY_MILLIS);

停止重复任务

taskHandler .removeCallbacks（repeatativeTaskRunnable ）;

更新:在Kotlin:

    //update interval for widget
    override val UPDATE_INTERVAL = 1000L

    //Handler to repeat update
    private val updateWidgetHandler = Handler()

    //runnable to update widget
    private var updateWidgetRunnable: Runnable = Runnable {
        run {
            //Update UI
            updateWidget()
            // Re-run it after the update interval
            updateWidgetHandler.postDelayed(updateWidgetRunnable, UPDATE_INTERVAL)
        }

    }

 // SATART updating in foreground
 override fun onResume() {
        super.onResume()
        updateWidgetHandler.postDelayed(updateWidgetRunnable, UPDATE_INTERVAL)
    }


    // REMOVE callback if app in background
    override fun onPause() {
        super.onPause()
        updateWidgetHandler.removeCallbacks(updateWidgetRunnable);
    }

您可以使用Handler来发布可运行的代码。这里很好地概述了这项技术:https://guides.codepath.com/android/Repeating-Periodic-Tasks