如果有人来这里找现成的函数，我写了一个。

如果列没有指定，它会找到所有带有列表的列并展开它们; 添加的列命名为column_name_0、column_name_1等; 列的顺序在最终的数据框架中保持不变; if strict=True，它检查给定列中的列表是否大小相等。

感谢改进和评论。

def unfold_columns(df, columns=[], strict=False):
    assert isinstance(columns, list), "Columns should be a list of column names"
    if len(columns) == 0:
        columns = [
            column for column in df.columns 
            if df.applymap(lambda x: isinstance(x, list)).all()[column]
        ]
    else:
        assert(all([(column in df.columns) for column in columns])), \
            "Not all given columns are found in df"
    columns_order = df.columns
    for column_name in columns:
        if df[column_name].apply(lambda x: isinstance(x, list)).all():
            if strict:
                assert len(set(df[column_name].apply(lambda x: len(x)))) == 1, \
                    f"Lists in df['{column_name}'] are not of equal length"
            unfolded = pd.DataFrame(df[column_name].tolist())
            unfolded.columns = [f'{column_name}_{x}' for x in unfolded.columns]
            columns_order = [
                *columns_order[:list(columns_order).index(column_name)], 
                *unfolded.columns, 
                *columns_order[list(columns_order).index(column_name)+1:]
            ]
            df = df.join(unfolded).drop([column_name], axis=1)
    return df[columns_order]

这是另一个使用df的解。Transform和df.set_index:

>>> from operator import itemgetter
>>> df['teams'].transform({'item1': itemgetter(0), 'item2': itemgetter(1)})

  team1 team2
0    SF   NYG
1    SF   NYG
2    SF   NYG
3    SF   NYG
4    SF   NYG
5    SF   NYG
6    SF   NYG

当然可以概括为:

>>> indices = range(len(df['teams'][0]))

>>> df['teams'].transform({f'team{i+1}': itemgetter(i) for i in indices})

  team1 team2
0    SF   NYG
1    SF   NYG
2    SF   NYG
3    SF   NYG
4    SF   NYG
5    SF   NYG
6    SF   NYG

这种方法具有提取所需指标的额外好处:

>>> df
                 teams
0  [SF, NYG, XYZ, ABC]
1  [SF, NYG, XYZ, ABC]
2  [SF, NYG, XYZ, ABC]
3  [SF, NYG, XYZ, ABC]
4  [SF, NYG, XYZ, ABC]
5  [SF, NYG, XYZ, ABC]
6  [SF, NYG, XYZ, ABC]

>>> indices = [0, 2]
>>> df['teams'].transform({f'team{i+1}': itemgetter(i) for i in indices})

  team1 team3
0    SF   XYZ
1    SF   XYZ
2    SF   XYZ
3    SF   XYZ
4    SF   XYZ
5    SF   XYZ
6    SF   XYZ

你可以使用DataFrame构造函数和由to_list创建的列表:

import pandas as pd

d1 = {'teams': [['SF', 'NYG'],['SF', 'NYG'],['SF', 'NYG'],
                ['SF', 'NYG'],['SF', 'NYG'],['SF', 'NYG'],['SF', 'NYG']]}
df2 = pd.DataFrame(d1)
print (df2)
       teams
0  [SF, NYG]
1  [SF, NYG]
2  [SF, NYG]
3  [SF, NYG]
4  [SF, NYG]
5  [SF, NYG]
6  [SF, NYG]

df2[['team1','team2']] = pd.DataFrame(df2.teams.tolist(), index= df2.index)
print (df2)
       teams team1 team2
0  [SF, NYG]    SF   NYG
1  [SF, NYG]    SF   NYG
2  [SF, NYG]    SF   NYG
3  [SF, NYG]    SF   NYG
4  [SF, NYG]    SF   NYG
5  [SF, NYG]    SF   NYG
6  [SF, NYG]    SF   NYG

对于一个新的DataFrame:

df3 = pd.DataFrame(df2['teams'].to_list(), columns=['team1','team2'])
print (df3)
  team1 team2
0    SF   NYG
1    SF   NYG
2    SF   NYG
3    SF   NYG
4    SF   NYG
5    SF   NYG
6    SF   NYG

使用apply(pd.Series)的解决方案非常慢:

#7k rows
df2 = pd.concat([df2]*1000).reset_index(drop=True)

In [121]: %timeit df2['teams'].apply(pd.Series)
1.79 s ± 52.5 ms per loop (mean ± std. dev. of 7 runs, 1 loop each)

In [122]: %timeit pd.DataFrame(df2['teams'].to_list(), columns=['team1','team2'])
1.63 ms ± 54.3 µs per loop (mean ± std. dev. of 7 runs, 1000 loops each)

如果有人来这里找现成的函数，我写了一个。

如果列没有指定，它会找到所有带有列表的列并展开它们; 添加的列命名为column_name_0、column_name_1等; 列的顺序在最终的数据框架中保持不变; if strict=True，它检查给定列中的列表是否大小相等。

感谢改进和评论。

def unfold_columns(df, columns=[], strict=False):
    assert isinstance(columns, list), "Columns should be a list of column names"
    if len(columns) == 0:
        columns = [
            column for column in df.columns 
            if df.applymap(lambda x: isinstance(x, list)).all()[column]
        ]
    else:
        assert(all([(column in df.columns) for column in columns])), \
            "Not all given columns are found in df"
    columns_order = df.columns
    for column_name in columns:
        if df[column_name].apply(lambda x: isinstance(x, list)).all():
            if strict:
                assert len(set(df[column_name].apply(lambda x: len(x)))) == 1, \
                    f"Lists in df['{column_name}'] are not of equal length"
            unfolded = pd.DataFrame(df[column_name].tolist())
            unfolded.columns = [f'{column_name}_{x}' for x in unfolded.columns]
            columns_order = [
                *columns_order[:list(columns_order).index(column_name)], 
                *unfolded.columns, 
                *columns_order[list(columns_order).index(column_name)+1:]
            ]
            df = df.join(unfolded).drop([column_name], axis=1)
    return df[columns_order]

与所提出的解决方案相比，似乎有一种语法更简单的方法，因此更容易记住。我假设这个列在数据框架df中叫做“meta”:

df2 = pd.DataFrame(df['meta'].str.split().values.tolist())

您可以尝试使用两次apply在df中创建新列'team1'和'team2'

df = pd.DataFrame({"teams": [["SF", "NYG"] for _ in range(7)]})
df["team1"]=df['teams'].apply(lambda x: x[0]  )
df["team2"]=df['teams'].apply(lambda x: x[1]  )
df

在这里输入图像描述