我有一个纯JavaScript承诺(内置实现或poly-fill):
var promise = new promise(函数(解析，拒绝){/*…* /});
从规范来看，Promise可以是:
" settle "和" resolved " “解决”和“拒绝” “等待”
我有一个用例，我希望同步审问承诺并确定:
承诺达成了吗? 如果是，承诺解决了吗?
我知道我可以使用#then()来安排在Promise改变状态后异步执行的工作。我不是在问你该怎么做。
这个问题是关于Promise状态的同步询问。我怎样才能做到这一点呢?
当前回答
2019:
据我所知，做到这一点的简单方法是thenable，超薄包装承诺或任何异步作业。
const sleep = (t) => new Promise(res => setTimeout(res,t));
const sleeping = sleep(30);
function track(promise){
let state = 'pending';
promise = promise.finally( _=> state ='fulfilled');
return {
get state(){return state},
then: promise.then.bind(promise), /*thentable*/
finally:promise.finally.bind(promise),
catch:promise.catch.bind(promise),
}
}
promise = track(sleeping);
console.log(promise.state) // pending
promise.then(function(){
console.log(promise.state); // fulfilled
})
其他回答
对于原生JavaScript承诺，不存在这样的同步检查API。用本土的承诺是不可能做到的。规范没有指定这样的方法。
用户域库可以做到这一点，如果你的目标是一个特定的引擎(比如v8)，并且可以访问平台代码(也就是说，你可以在核心中编写代码)，那么你可以使用特定的工具(比如私有符号)来实现这一点。这是非常具体的，但不是在用户领域。
我发现这个解决方案很简单，并且允许我继续使用本机承诺，但添加了有用的同步检查。我也不需要动用整个承诺库。
注意:只有在当前执行线程中出现某种中断，允许promise在检查同步结构之前执行时，这才有效。这使得它比我最初想象的用处更有限——尽管对我的用例仍然有用(感谢Benjamin Gruenbaum指出这一点)。
/**
* This function allow you to modify a JS Promise by adding some status properties.
* Based on: http://stackoverflow.com/questions/21485545/is-there-a-way-to-tell-if-an-es6-promise-is-fulfilled-rejected-resolved
* But modified according to the specs of promises : https://promisesaplus.com/
*/
function MakeQuerablePromise(promise) {
// Don't modify any promise that has been already modified.
if (promise.isFulfilled) return promise;
// Set initial state
var isPending = true;
var isRejected = false;
var isFulfilled = false;
// Observe the promise, saving the fulfillment in a closure scope.
var result = promise.then(
function(v) {
isFulfilled = true;
isPending = false;
return v;
},
function(e) {
isRejected = true;
isPending = false;
throw e;
}
);
result.isFulfilled = function() { return isFulfilled; };
result.isPending = function() { return isPending; };
result.isRejected = function() { return isRejected; };
return result;
}
wrappedPromise = MakeQueryablePromise(Promise.resolve(3));
setTimeout(function() {console.log(wrappedPromise.isFulfilled())}, 1);
来自https://ourcodeworld.com/articles/read/317/how-to-check-if-a-javascript-promise-has-been-fulfilled-rejected-or-resolved，他们的答案是:是否有一种方法来判断一个ES6承诺是否被履行/拒绝/解决?
如果你正在使用ES7实验版，你可以使用async轻松地包装你想要收听的承诺。
async function getClient() {
let client, resolved = false;
try {
client = await new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
let client = new Client();
let timer = setTimeout(() => {
reject(new Error(`timeout`, 1000));
client.close();
});
client.on('ready', () => {
if(!resolved) {
clearTimeout(timer);
resolve(client);
}
});
client.on('error', (error) => {
if(!resolved) {
clearTimeout(timer);
reject(error);
}
});
client.on('close', (hadError) => {
if(!resolved && !hadError) {
clearTimeout(timer);
reject(new Error("close"));
}
});
});
resolved = true;
} catch(error) {
resolved = true;
throw error;
}
return client;
}
老问题有很多答案，但似乎没有一个建议我认为是最简单的解决方案:在承诺解决/拒绝上设置bool指示器。
类Promise2 { 构造函数(args) { let promise = new promise(…args); promise.then(() => promise。_resolved_ = true); promise.catch(() => promise。_rejected_ = true); 返回的诺言; ｝ ｝ let p = new promise (r => setTimeout(r, 3000)); setInterval(() => { Console.log('正在同步检查p是否已解析?”,p._resolved_); }, 1000);
我浏览了这个问题的解决方案，没有找到一个与我在Node.js中使用的简单方法相对应的解决方案。
我已经定义了一个简单的类PromiseMonitor，它将承诺作为其构造函数的单个参数，并具有一个字符串属性.status，它返回与承诺状态对应的标准字符串值，“pending”，“resolved”或“rejected”，以及四个布尔属性.pending， .resolved， .rejected和.error。只有当.rejected为true并且拒绝回调被传递一个Error对象时，属性. Error才被设置为true。
该类只是在promise上使用.then()来在promise被解决或拒绝时更改PromiseMonitor的状态。它不会干扰原始承诺的任何其他使用。代码如下:
class PromiseMonitor {
constructor(prm){
this._status = "pending";
this._pending = true;
this._resolved = false;
this._rejected = false;
this._error = false;
prm
.then( ()=>{
this._status = "resolved";
this._resolved = true;
this._pending = false;
}
, (err)=>{
this._status = "rejected";
this._pending = false;
this._rejected = true;
this._error = err instanceof Error ? true: false ;
}
);
}
get status(){ return this._status; };
get pending(){ return this._pending; };
get resolved(){ return this._resolved; };
get rejected(){ return this._rejected; };
get error(){ return this._error };
};
要监视Promise的状态，只需创建一个PromiseMonitor实例，将Promise作为参数传入，例如:
let promiseObject = functionThatReturnsAPromise();
let promiseMonitor = new PromiseMonitor( promiseObject );
现在您可以同步检查promiseMonitor的所有属性，它将跟踪原始承诺的状态。下面是一个测试脚本，它演示了正在监视的承诺的三种可能的解决方案。
let ticks = 0;
let tickerID = setInterval( ()=>{++ticks; console.log(`..tick ${ticks}`)}, 1000);
async function run(){
console.log("Start");
let delay = prmDelay(2000);
let delayMonitor = new PromiseMonitor(delay);
// normal handling of delay promise
delay.then((result)=>( console.log("Normal resolution of delay using .then()") ) );
console.log("delay at start:\n", delay);
console.log("delayMonitor at start:\n", delayMonitor);
await delay;
console.log("delay finished:\n", delay);
console.log("delayMonitor finished:\n", delayMonitor);
console.log("\n\n TEST2: Rejection without an Error test ================================")
let rejDelay = prmDelay(3000, "reject");
let rejMonitor = new PromiseMonitor(rejDelay);
// normal handling of reject result on promise
rejDelay.then((result)=>( console.log("Normal resolution of rejDelay using .then will not happen") )
, (err)=>( console.log("Rejection of rejDelay handled using .then")));
console.log("rejDelay at start:\n", rejDelay);
console.log("rejMonitor at start:\n", rejMonitor);
await rejDelay.catch( (err)=>{ console.log( "Caught error using .catch on rejDelay" ); });
console.log("rejDelay finished:\n", rejDelay);
console.log("rejMonitor finished:\n", rejMonitor);
console.log("\n\n TEST3: Rejection with an Error test ================================")
let errMonitor ;
let errDelay;
try{
errDelay = prmDelay(1000, "error");
errMonitor = new PromiseMonitor(errDelay);
// normal handling of results of the original promise
errDelay.then(
(result)=>{
console.log("Normal expiry of errDelay");
console.log("Monitor Status is " + errMonitor.status )
}
, (err)=>{
console.log("** Rejection of errDelay handled using .then()");
console.log(" Monitor Status is " + errMonitor.status )
}
);
console.log("errDelay at start:\n", errDelay);
console.log("errMonitor at start:\n", errMonitor);
await errDelay;
console.log("**** This should never be run");
} catch(err) {
console.log( "** Caught error on errDelay using try{}catch{}:" );
console.log( " Monitor Status is " + errMonitor.status )
};
console.log("errDelay finished:\n", errDelay);
console.log("errMonitor finished:\n", errMonitor);
clearInterval(tickerID);
}
/**
* Creates a new promise with a specific result
* @param {*} tt
* @param {*} exitType ("resolve", "reject" or "error")
*/
function prmDelay (tt, exitType) {
return new Promise(function(resolve, reject) {
if( exitType == 'reject' ){
setTimeout(()=>{ reject("REJECTED")}, tt);
} else if( exitType== 'error'){
setTimeout(()=>{ reject(new Error( "ERROR Rejection") ); }, tt);
} else {
setTimeout(()=>{ resolve("RESOLVED") }, tt);
} ;
});
};
run();
