你可以在Promise.prototype中添加一个方法。它是这样的:

编辑:第一个解决方案不能正常工作，就像这里的大多数答案一样。它返回“pending”直到异步函数“。然后”被调用，这不是立即发生的。(使用Promise.race的解决方案也是如此)。我的第二个解决方案解决了这个问题。

if (window.Promise) {
    Promise.prototype.getState = function () {
        if (!this.state) {
            this.state = "pending";
            var that = this;
            this.then(
                function (v) {
                    that.state = "resolved";
                    return v;
                },
                function (e) {
                    that.state = "rejected";
                    return e;
                });
        }
        return this.state;
    };
}

你可以在任何承诺上使用它。为例:

myPromise = new Promise(myFunction);
console.log(myPromise.getState()); // pending|resolved|rejected

第二个(也是正确的)解决方案:

if (window.Promise) {
    Promise.stateable = function (func) {
        var state = "pending";
        var pending = true;
        var newPromise = new Promise(wrapper);
        newPromise.state = state;
        return newPromise;
        function wrapper(resolve, reject) {
            func(res, rej);
            function res(e) {
                resolve(e);
                if (pending) {
                    if (newPromise)
                        newPromise.state = "resolved";
                    else
                        state = "resolved";
                    pending = false;
                }
            }
            function rej(e) {
                reject(e);
                if (pending) {
                    if (newPromise)
                        newPromise.state = "rejected";
                    else
                        state = "rejected";
                    pending = false;
                }
            }
        }
    };
}

并使用它:

注意:在这个解决方案中，您不必使用“new”操作符。

myPromise = Promise.stateable(myFunction);
console.log(myPromise.state); // pending|resolved|rejected

这里是一个更充实的QueryablePromise的es6版本，允许在第一次解析后进行链接和捕获，并立即解析或拒绝以保持api与本机Promise一致。

const PROMISE = Symbol('PROMISE') const tap = fn => x => (fn(x), x) const trace = label => tap(x => console.log(label, x)) class QueryablePromise { resolved = false rejected = false fulfilled = false catchFns = [] constructor(fn) { this[PROMISE] = new Promise(fn) .then(tap(() => { this.fulfilled = true this.resolved = true })) .catch(x => { this.fulfilled = true this.rejected = true return Promise.reject(x) }) } then(fn) { this[PROMISE].then(fn) return this } catch(fn) { this[PROMISE].catch(fn) return this } static resolve(x) { return new QueryablePromise((res) => res(x)) } static reject(x) { return new QueryablePromise((_, rej) => rej(x)) } } const resolvedPromise = new QueryablePromise((res) => { setTimeout(res, 200, 'resolvedPromise') }) const rejectedPromise = new QueryablePromise((_, rej) => { setTimeout(rej, 200, 'rejectedPromise') }) // ensure our promises have not been fulfilled console.log('test 1 before: is resolved', resolvedPromise.resolved) console.log('test 2 before: is rejected', rejectedPromise.rejected) setTimeout(() => { // check to see the resolved status of our promise console.log('test 1 after: is resolved', resolvedPromise.resolved) console.log('test 2 after: is rejected', rejectedPromise.rejected) }, 300) // make sure we can immediately resolve a QueryablePromise const immediatelyResolvedPromise = QueryablePromise.resolve('immediatelyResolvedPromise') // ensure we can chain then .then(trace('test 3 resolved')) .then(trace('test 3 resolved 2')) .catch(trace('test 3 rejected')) // make sure we can immediately reject a QueryablePromise const immediatelyRejectedPromise = QueryablePromise.reject('immediatelyRejectedPromise') .then(trace('test 4 resolved')) .catch(trace('test 4 rejected')) <script src="https://codepen.io/synthet1c/pen/KyQQmL.js"></script>

在节点中，写入未记录的内部进程。

> process.binding('util').getPromiseDetails(Promise.resolve({data: [1,2,3]}));
[ 1, { data: [ 1, 2, 3 ] } ]

> process.binding('util').getPromiseDetails(Promise.reject(new Error('no')));
[ 2, Error: no ]

> process.binding('util').getPromiseDetails(new Promise((resolve) => {}));
[ 0, <1 empty item> ]

如果你正在使用ES7实验版，你可以使用async轻松地包装你想要收听的承诺。

async function getClient() {
  let client, resolved = false;
  try {
    client = await new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
      let client = new Client();

      let timer = setTimeout(() => {
         reject(new Error(`timeout`, 1000));
         client.close();
      });

      client.on('ready', () => {
        if(!resolved) {
          clearTimeout(timer);
          resolve(client);
        }
      });

      client.on('error', (error) => {
        if(!resolved) {
          clearTimeout(timer);
          reject(error);
        }
      });

      client.on('close', (hadError) => {
        if(!resolved && !hadError) {
          clearTimeout(timer);
          reject(new Error("close"));
        }
      });
    });

    resolved = true;
  } catch(error) {
    resolved = true;
    throw error;
  }
  return client;
}

你可以在Node.js中使用一个(丑陋的)黑客，直到一个本地方法被提供:

util = require('util');

var promise1 = new Promise (function (resolve) {
}

var promise2 = new Promise (function (resolve) {

    resolve ('foo');
}

state1 = util.inspect (promise1);
state2 = util.inspect (promise2);

if (state1 === 'Promise { <pending> }') {

    console.log('pending'); // pending
}

if (state2 === "Promise { 'foo' }") {

    console.log ('foo') // foo
}

更新:2019

Bluebird.js提供了这个:http://bluebirdjs.com/docs/api/isfulfilled.html

var Promise = require("bluebird");
let p = Promise.resolve();
console.log(p.isFulfilled());

如果您更喜欢创建自己的包装器，这里有一个关于它的不错的博客。

因为JavaScript是单线程的，所以很难找到一个足够常见的用例来证明将其放在规范中是正确的。知道承诺是否被解决的最佳位置是在.then()中。测试Promise是否被履行将创建一个轮询循环，这很可能是错误的方向。

如果你想同步推理异步代码，Async /await是一个很好的结构。

await this();
await that();
return 'success!';

另一个有用的调用是Promise.all()

var promise1 = Promise.resolve(3);
var promise2 = 42;
var promise3 = new Promise(function(resolve, reject) {
  setTimeout(resolve, 100, 'foo');
});

Promise.all([promise1, promise2, promise3]).then(function(values) {
  console.log(values);
});
// expected output: Array [3, 42, "foo"]

当我第一次得到这个答案时，这就是我正在寻找的用例。