创建一个Map，其中键为Class<?>，值为表达式(lambda或类似)。考虑:

Map<Class,Runnable> doByClass = new HashMap<>();
doByClass.put(Foo.class, () -> doAClosure(this));
doByClass.put(Bar.class, this::doBMethod);
doByClass.put(Baz.class, new MyCRunnable());

// of course, refactor this to only initialize once

doByClass.get(getClass()).run();

如果你需要检查异常，那就实现一个抛出异常的FunctionalInterface，而不是使用Runnable。

下面是一个真实的单词前后对比，展示了这种方法如何简化代码。

重构映射之前的代码:

private Object unmarshall(
  final Property<?> property, final Object configValue ) {
  final Object result;
  final String value = configValue.toString();

  if( property instanceof SimpleDoubleProperty ) {
    result = Double.parseDouble( value );
  }
  else if( property instanceof SimpleFloatProperty ) {
    result = Float.parseFloat( value );
  }
  else if( property instanceof SimpleBooleanProperty ) {
    result = Boolean.parseBoolean( value );
  }
  else if( property instanceof SimpleFileProperty ) {
    result = new File( value );
  }
  else {
    result = value;
  }

  return result;
}

重构为映射后的代码:

private final Map<Class<?>, Function<String, Object>> UNMARSHALL = 
Map.of(
  SimpleBooleanProperty.class, Boolean::parseBoolean,
  SimpleDoubleProperty.class, Double::parseDouble,
  SimpleFloatProperty.class, Float::parseFloat,
  SimpleFileProperty.class, File::new
);

private Object unmarshall(
  final Property<?> property, final Object configValue ) {
  return UNMARSHALL
    .getOrDefault( property.getClass(), ( v ) -> v )
    .apply( configValue.toString() );
}

这避免了重复，消除了几乎所有的分支语句，并简化了维护。

还有一种更简单的方法来模拟使用instanceof的开关结构，你可以通过在方法中创建一个代码块并用标签命名它来实现。然后使用if结构来模拟case语句。如果情况为真，则使用断点LABEL_NAME来退出临时的开关结构。

        DEFINE_TYPE:
        {
            if (a instanceof x){
                //do something
                break DEFINE_TYPE;
            }
            if (a instanceof y){
               //do something
                break DEFINE_TYPE;
            }
            if (a instanceof z){
                // do something
                break DEFINE_TYPE;
            }
        }

不，这是不可能的。然而，您可能想要做的是将多态性作为处理这类问题的一种方法。

While it is not possible to write a switch statement, it is possible to branch out to specific processing for each given type. One way of doing this is to use standard double dispatch mechanism. An example where we want to "switch" based on type is Jersey Exception mapper where we need to map multitude of exceptions to error responses. While for this specific case there is probably a better way (i.e. using a polymorphic method that translates each exception to an error response), using double dispatch mechanism is still useful and practical.

interface Processable {
    <R> R process(final Processor<R> processor);
}

interface Processor<R> {
    R process(final A a);
    R process(final B b);
    R process(final C c);
    // for each type of Processable
    ...
}

class A implements Processable {
    // other class logic here

    <R> R process(final Processor<R> processor){
        return processor.process(this);
    }
}

class B implements Processable {
    // other class logic here

    <R> R process(final Processor<R> processor){
        return processor.process(this);
    }
}

class C implements Processable {
    // other class logic here

    <R> R process(final Processor<R> processor){
        return processor.process(this);
    }
}

然后在任何需要“开关”的地方，你可以这样做:

public class LogProcessor implements Processor<String> {
    private static final Logger log = Logger.for(LogProcessor.class);

    public void logIt(final Processable base) {
        log.info("Logging for type {}", process(base));
    }

    // Processor methods, these are basically the effective "case" statements
    String process(final A a) {
        return "Stringifying A";
    }

    String process(final B b) {
        return "Stringifying B";
    }

    String process(final C c) {
        return "Stringifying C";
    }
}

Eclipse建模框架有一个有趣的想法，它也考虑了继承。Switch接口中定义了基本概念:通过调用doSwitch方法来完成切换。

真正有趣的是实现。对于每种类型的兴趣，a

public T caseXXXX(XXXX object);

方法必须实现(默认实现返回null)。doSwitch实现将尝试为对象的所有类型层次结构调用所有caseXXX方法。之类的东西:

BaseType baseType = (BaseType)object;
T result = caseBaseType(eAttribute);
if (result == null) result = caseSuperType1(baseType);
if (result == null) result = caseSuperType2(baseType);
if (result == null) result = caseSuperType3(baseType);
if (result == null) result = caseSuperType4(baseType);
if (result == null) result = defaultCase(object);
return result;

实际框架为每个类使用一个整数id，所以逻辑实际上是一个纯切换:

public T doSwitch(Object object) {
    return doSwitch(object.class(), eObject);
}

protected T doSwitch(Class clazz, Object object) {
    return doSwitch(getClassifierID(clazz), object);
}

protected T doSwitch(int classifierID, Object theObject) {
    switch (classifierID) {
    case MyClasses.BASETYPE:
    {
      BaseType baseType = (BaseType)object;
      ...
      return result;
    }
    case MyClasses.TYPE1:
    {
      ...
    }
  ...

您可以查看ECoreSwitch的完整实现，以获得更好的理解。

如果您想避免If (){} else If{}的冗长，您可以考虑将这个文件切换到kotlin，并将类似于开关的when表达式与is操作符结合使用。

在任何情况下，Kotlin和java文件都可以共存于一个项目中，并生成一个可以在JVM中运行的jar。

when (this) { //switch-like statement in kotlin supporting class-pattern-matching and smart casts via `is` operator.
    is A -> doA()
    is B -> doB()
    is C -> doC()
}