RabbitMQ是一个可靠的通用消息代理，支持多种协议，如AMQP、MQTT、STOMP等。它可以处理高吞吐量。RabbitMQ的一个常见用例是处理后台作业或长时间运行的任务，比如文件扫描、图像缩放或PDF转换。RabbitMQ也用于微服务之间，作为应用程序之间通信的一种手段，避免了消息传递的瓶颈。

Kafka是一种消息总线，针对高吞吐量的数据流和重放进行了优化。当你需要移动大量数据、实时处理数据或在一段时间内分析数据时，请使用Kafka。换句话说，就是需要收集、存储和处理数据的地方。例如，当您想要跟踪网络商店上的用户活动并生成建议购买的商品时。另一个例子是用于跟踪、摄取、日志记录或安全的数据分析。

Kafka可以被看作是一个持久的消息代理，应用程序可以对磁盘上的流数据进行处理和再处理。Kafka有一个非常简单的路由方法。如果你需要以复杂的方式将消息路由到用户，RabbitMQ有更好的选择。如果你需要支持离线的批处理消费者或者想要低延迟消息的消费者，可以使用Kafka。

In order to understand how to read data from Kafka, we first need to understand its consumers and consumer groups. Partitions allow you to parallelize a topic by splitting the data across multiple nodes. Each record in a partition is assigned and identified by its unique offset. This offset points to the record in a partition. In the latest version of Kafka, Kafka maintains a numerical offset for each record in a partition. A consumer in Kafka can either automatically commit offsets periodically, or it can choose to control this committed position manually. RabbitMQ will keep all states about consumed/acknowledged/unacknowledged messages. I find Kafka more complex to understand than the case of RabbitMQ, where the message is simply removed from the queue once it's acked.

RabbitMQ的队列在空时是最快的，而Kafka以很小的开销保留大量数据——Kafka是为保存和分发大量消息而设计的。(如果你打算在RabbitMQ中使用很长的队列，你可以看看惰性队列。)

Kafka是基于水平扩展(通过增加更多的机器来扩展)而构建的，而RabbitMQ主要是为垂直扩展(通过增加更多的能力来扩展)而设计的。

RabbitMQ has a built-in user-friendly interface that lets you monitor and handle your RabbitMQ server from a web browser. Among other things, queues, connections, channels, exchanges, users and user permissions can be handled - created, deleted and listed in the browser and you can monitor message rates and send/receive messages manually. Kafka has a number of open-source tools, and also some commercial ones, offering the administration and monitoring functionalities. I would say that it's easier/gets faster to get a good understanding of RabbitMQ.

一般来说，如果你想要一个简单的/传统的发布-订阅消息代理，最明显的选择是RabbitMQ，因为它的扩展性很可能比你需要的要大。如果我的需求足够简单，可以通过通道/队列处理系统通信，并且不需要保留和流，我就会选择RabbitMQ。

在两种情况下我会选择RabbitMQ;对于长时间运行的任务，当我需要运行可靠的后台作业时。以及应用程序内部和应用程序之间的通信和集成，即作为微服务之间的中间人;系统只需要通知系统的另一部分开始处理任务，例如在web商店中处理订单(下订单、更新订单状态、发送订单、付款等)。

一般来说，如果你想要一个用于存储、读取(重读)和分析流数据的框架，可以使用Apache Kafka。它非常适合被审计的系统或需要永久存储消息的系统。这些还可以分解为分析数据(跟踪、摄取、日志记录、安全等)或实时处理的两个主要用例。

更多阅读，用例和一些比较数据可以在这里找到:https://www.cloudamqp.com/blog/2019-12-12-when-to-use-rabbitmq-or-apache-kafka.html

同时推荐行业论文:“Kafka vs RabbitMQ:两种行业参考发布/订阅实现的比较研究”:http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=3093908

我在一家同时提供Apache Kafka和RabbitMQ as a Service的公司工作。

我能想到的唯一好处是事务性功能，其余的都可以用Kafka来完成

如果你有复杂的路由需求，想要一个内置的GUI来监控代理，那么RabbitMQ可能是最适合你的应用程序。否则，如果你正在寻找一个消息代理来处理高吞吐量并提供对流历史的访问，Kafka可能是更好的选择。

Scaling both is hard in a distributed fault tolerant way but I'd make a case that it's much harder at massive scale with RabbitMQ. It's not trivial to understand Shovel, Federation, Mirrored Msg Queues, ACK, Mem issues, Fault tollerance etc. Not to say you won't also have specific issues with Zookeeper etc on Kafka but there are less moving parts to manage. That said, you get a Polyglot exchange with RMQ which you don't with Kafka. If you want streaming, use Kafka. If you want simple IoT or similar high volume packet delivery, use Kafka. It's about smart consumers. If you want msg flexibility and higher reliability with higher costs and possibly some complexity, use RMQ.

我知道有点晚了，也许你已经间接地说过了，但是，Kafka根本不是一个队列，它是一个日志(就像上面有人说的，基于民意调查)。

简单来说，当你更喜欢RabbitMQ(或任何队列技术)而不是Kafka时，最明显的用例是:

You have multiple consumers consuming from a queue and whenever there is a new message in the queue and an available consumer, you want this message to be processed. If you look closely at how Kafka works, you'll notice it does not know how to do that, because of partition scaling, you'll have a consumer dedicated to a partition and you'll get into starvation issue. Issue that is easily avoided by using simple queue techno. You can think of using a thread that will dispatch the different messages from same partition, but again, Kafka does not have any selective acknowledgment mechanisms.

你能做的最多的就是像那些家伙一样，试着把Kafka转换成一个队列: https://github.com/softwaremill/kmq

雅尼克

我知道这是一个老问题了，但是在处理数据编校时RabbitMQ可能是一个更好的选择。

在RabbitMQ中，默认情况下，一旦消息被消费，它就会被删除。在Kafka中，默认情况下，消息保存一周。通常将这个时间设置为更长的时间，甚至永远不删除它们。

虽然这两个产品都可以配置为保留(或不保留)消息，但如果CCPA或GDPR合规性是一个问题，我会选择RabbitMQ。