如果你正在使用Ruby 2，你可以使用改进，而不是猴子补丁或不必要地包括大型库:

module HashExtensions
  refine Hash do
    def except!(*candidates)
      candidates.each { |candidate| delete(candidate) }
      self
    end

    def except(*candidates)
      dup.remove!(candidates)
    end
  end
end

您可以在不影响程序其他部分的情况下使用此特性，也不必包含大型外部库。

class FabulousCode
  using HashExtensions

  def incredible_stuff
    delightful_hash.except(:not_fabulous_key)
  end
end

Rails有一个except/except!方法，该方法返回删除了这些键后的散列。如果您已经在使用Rails，就没有必要创建自己的版本。

class Hash
  # Returns a hash that includes everything but the given keys.
  #   hash = { a: true, b: false, c: nil}
  #   hash.except(:c) # => { a: true, b: false}
  #   hash # => { a: true, b: false, c: nil}
  #
  # This is useful for limiting a set of parameters to everything but a few known toggles:
  #   @person.update(params[:person].except(:admin))
  def except(*keys)
    dup.except!(*keys)
  end

  # Replaces the hash without the given keys.
  #   hash = { a: true, b: false, c: nil}
  #   hash.except!(:c) # => { a: true, b: false}
  #   hash # => { a: true, b: false }
  def except!(*keys)
    keys.each { |key| delete(key) }
    self
  end
end

如果你想使用纯Ruby(没有Rails)，不想创建扩展方法(也许你只需要在一两个地方使用扩展方法，不想用大量的方法污染命名空间)，不想在适当的地方编辑散列(也就是说，你像我一样是函数式编程的粉丝)，你可以“选择”:

>> x = {:a => 1, :b => 2, :c => 3}
=> {:a=>1, :b=>2, :c=>3}
>> x.select{|x| x != :a}
=> {:b=>2, :c=>3}
>> x.select{|x| ![:a, :b].include?(x)}
=> {:c=>3}
>> x
=> {:a=>1, :b=>2, :c=>3}

在纯Ruby中:

{:a => 1, :b => 2}.tap{|x| x.delete(:a)}   # => {:b=>2}

如果你正在使用Ruby 2，你可以使用改进，而不是猴子补丁或不必要地包括大型库:

module HashExtensions
  refine Hash do
    def except!(*candidates)
      candidates.each { |candidate| delete(candidate) }
      self
    end

    def except(*candidates)
      dup.remove!(candidates)
    end
  end
end

您可以在不影响程序其他部分的情况下使用此特性，也不必包含大型外部库。

class FabulousCode
  using HashExtensions

  def incredible_stuff
    delightful_hash.except(:not_fabulous_key)
  end
end

有许多方法可以从散列中删除键并在Ruby中获取剩余的散列。

.slice => It will return selected keys and not delete them from the original hash. Use slice! if you want to remove the keys permanently else use simple slice. 2.2.2 :074 > hash = {"one"=>1, "two"=>2, "three"=>3} => {"one"=>1, "two"=>2, "three"=>3} 2.2.2 :075 > hash.slice("one","two") => {"one"=>1, "two"=>2} 2.2.2 :076 > hash => {"one"=>1, "two"=>2, "three"=>3} .delete => It will delete the selected keys from the original hash(it can accept only one key and not more than one). 2.2.2 :094 > hash = {"one"=>1, "two"=>2, "three"=>3} => {"one"=>1, "two"=>2, "three"=>3} 2.2.2 :095 > hash.delete("one") => 1 2.2.2 :096 > hash => {"two"=>2, "three"=>3} .except => It will return the remaining keys but not delete anything from the original hash. Use except! if you want to remove the keys permanently else use simple except. 2.2.2 :097 > hash = {"one"=>1, "two"=>2, "three"=>3} => {"one"=>1, "two"=>2, "three"=>3} 2.2.2 :098 > hash.except("one","two") => {"three"=>3} 2.2.2 :099 > hash => {"one"=>1, "two"=>2, "three"=>3} .delete_if => In case you need to remove a key based on a value. It will obviously remove the matching keys from the original hash. 2.2.2 :115 > hash = {"one"=>1, "two"=>2, "three"=>3, "one_again"=>1} => {"one"=>1, "two"=>2, "three"=>3, "one_again"=>1} 2.2.2 :116 > value = 1 => 1 2.2.2 :117 > hash.delete_if { |k,v| v == value } => {"two"=>2, "three"=>3} 2.2.2 :118 > hash => {"two"=>2, "three"=>3} .compact => It is used to remove all nil values from the hash. Use compact! if you want to remove the nil values permanently else use simple compact. 2.2.2 :119 > hash = {"one"=>1, "two"=>2, "three"=>3, "nothing"=>nil, "no_value"=>nil} => {"one"=>1, "two"=>2, "three"=>3, "nothing"=>nil, "no_value"=>nil} 2.2.2 :120 > hash.compact => {"one"=>1, "two"=>2, "three"=>3}

基于Ruby 2.2.2的结果。