节点.js v10.0.0+

const fs = require('fs')
const { promisify } = require('util')
const pipeline = promisify(require('stream').pipeline)

await pipeline(
  fs.createReadStream('source/file/path'),
  fs.createWriteStream('destination/file/path')
).catch(err => {
  // error handling
})
fs.unlink('source/file/path')

使用rename函数:

fs.rename(getFileName, __dirname + '/new_folder/' + getFileName); 

在哪里

getFilename = file.extension (old path)
__dirname + '/new_folder/' + getFileName

假设您希望保持文件名不变。

这是对teoman shipahi的回答的重新讨论，使用了一个稍微不那么模糊的名称，并遵循了在尝试调用代码之前定义代码的设计原则。(虽然node允许您做其他事情，但本末倒置并不是一个好的实践。)

function rename_or_copy_and_delete (oldPath, newPath, callback) {

    function copy_and_delete () {
        var readStream = fs.createReadStream(oldPath);
        var writeStream = fs.createWriteStream(newPath);

        readStream.on('error', callback);
        writeStream.on('error', callback);
        readStream.on('close', 
              function () {
                fs.unlink(oldPath, callback);
              }
        );

        readStream.pipe(writeStream);
    }

    fs.rename(oldPath, newPath, 
        function (err) {
          if (err) {
              if (err.code === 'EXDEV') {
                  copy_and_delete();
              } else {
                  callback(err);
              }
              return;// << both cases (err/copy_and_delete)
          }
          callback();
        }
    );
}

如果你喜欢使用外部库，Shelljs是一个非常方便的解决方案。

命令: Mv ([options，] source, destination)

可用的选项:

-f: force(默认行为)

-n:防止覆盖

const shell = require('shelljs');
const status = shell.mv('README.md', '/home/my-dir');
if(status.stderr)  console.log(status.stderr);
else console.log('File moved!');

这个例子摘自:Node.js in Action

move()函数，如果可能，将重命名或返回到复制

var fs = require('fs');

module.exports = function move(oldPath, newPath, callback) {

    fs.rename(oldPath, newPath, function (err) {
        if (err) {
            if (err.code === 'EXDEV') {
                copy();
            } else {
                callback(err);
            }
            return;
        }
        callback();
    });

    function copy() {
        var readStream = fs.createReadStream(oldPath);
        var writeStream = fs.createWriteStream(newPath);

        readStream.on('error', callback);
        writeStream.on('error', callback);

        readStream.on('close', function () {
            fs.unlink(oldPath, callback);
        });

        readStream.pipe(writeStream);
    }
}

就像上面的回答中所说的那样，我的2分:copy()方法不应该在没有轻微调整的情况下原样用于复制文件:

function copy(callback) {
    var readStream = fs.createReadStream(oldPath);
    var writeStream = fs.createWriteStream(newPath);

    readStream.on('error', callback);
    writeStream.on('error', callback);

    // Do not callback() upon "close" event on the readStream
    // readStream.on('close', function () {
    // Do instead upon "close" on the writeStream
    writeStream.on('close', function () {
        callback();
    });

    readStream.pipe(writeStream);
}

复制函数封装在Promise中:

function copy(oldPath, newPath) {
  return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
    const readStream = fs.createReadStream(oldPath);
    const writeStream = fs.createWriteStream(newPath);

    readStream.on('error', err => reject(err));
    writeStream.on('error', err => reject(err));

    writeStream.on('close', function() {
      resolve();
    });

    readStream.pipe(writeStream);
  })

但是，请记住，如果目标文件夹不存在，文件系统可能会崩溃。